Bridget R Irwin1,2, Mark Speechley2,3, Piotr Wilk1,2,4,5, Andrew F Clark1,6,5, Jason A Gilliland7,8,9,10,11,12,13. 1. Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. 3. Schulich Interfaculty Program in Public Health, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. 4. Department of Paediatrics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. 5. Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd. E, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada. 6. Department of Geography, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. 7. Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 9. Department of Paediatrics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 10. Department of Geography, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 11. School of Health Studies, Western University, 1151 Richmond St, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 12. Children's Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Rd. E, London, Ontario, N6C 2V5, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca. 13. Lawson Health Research Institute, 750 Base Line Rd. E, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada. jgillila@uwo.ca.
Abstract
INTERVENTION: This study examines the impact of London's Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) 'Water Does Wonders' interventions, which combined water infrastructure and education programs. RESEARCH QUESTION: How effective were the HKCC interventions at increasing water and decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among grade 4-8 children in London, Ontario? METHODS:Non-randomized controlled trial. Children's knowledge and beverage intake were measured before and after the interventions were implemented during the 2016-2017 school year. Children at intervention schools (n = 521) received education programs (Growing Chefs or UTRCA [Upper Thames River Conservation Authority]) and water bottle filling stations. Children at control schools (n = 410) received filling stations only. Multivariable linear mixed-model ANCOVAs were used to compare water and SSB consumption and knowledge across intervention groups, accounting for school-level clustering. RESULTS: Children who received an education intervention and filling station compared with only a filling station consumed more water (β = 2.18 (95% CI - 1.87, 6.22) for Growing Chefs and β = 2.90 (95% CI - 0.23, 6.03) for UTRCA) and fewer SSBs (β = - 1.17 (95% CI - 3.83, 1.49) for Growing Chefs and β = - 2.56 (95% CI - 5.12, 0.001) for UTRCA) post-intervention, and had higher nutrition knowledge (β = 1.57 (95% CI - 1.68, 4.83) for Growing Chefs and β = 2.02 (95% CI - 0.35, 4.39) for UTRCA). These findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention intended to promote healthy beverage consumption yielded effects in the expected direction; however, they were small and not statistically significant. This is likely because the educational interventions were not fully aligned with the goals of the 'Water Does Wonders' program, preventing them from evoking meaningful changes in dietary behaviours.
RCT Entities:
INTERVENTION: This study examines the impact of London's Healthy Kids Community Challenge (HKCC) 'Water Does Wonders' interventions, which combined water infrastructure and education programs. RESEARCH QUESTION: How effective were the HKCC interventions at increasing water and decreasing sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption among grade 4-8 children in London, Ontario? METHODS: Non-randomized controlled trial. Children's knowledge and beverage intake were measured before and after the interventions were implemented during the 2016-2017 school year. Children at intervention schools (n = 521) received education programs (Growing Chefs or UTRCA [Upper Thames River Conservation Authority]) and water bottle filling stations. Children at control schools (n = 410) received filling stations only. Multivariable linear mixed-model ANCOVAs were used to compare water and SSB consumption and knowledge across intervention groups, accounting for school-level clustering. RESULTS:Children who received an education intervention and filling station compared with only a filling station consumed more water (β = 2.18 (95% CI - 1.87, 6.22) for Growing Chefs and β = 2.90 (95% CI - 0.23, 6.03) for UTRCA) and fewer SSBs (β = - 1.17 (95% CI - 3.83, 1.49) for Growing Chefs and β = - 2.56 (95% CI - 5.12, 0.001) for UTRCA) post-intervention, and had higher nutrition knowledge (β = 1.57 (95% CI - 1.68, 4.83) for Growing Chefs and β = 2.02 (95% CI - 0.35, 4.39) for UTRCA). These findings were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention intended to promote healthy beverage consumption yielded effects in the expected direction; however, they were small and not statistically significant. This is likely because the educational interventions were not fully aligned with the goals of the 'Water Does Wonders' program, preventing them from evoking meaningful changes in dietary behaviours.
Entities:
Keywords:
Childhood obesity; Children’s health; School-based intervention; Sugar-sweetened beverages; Water
Authors: Krystallia Mantziki; Carry M Renders; Achilleas Vassilopoulos; Gabriella Radulian; Jean-Michel Borys; Hugues du Plessis; Maria João Gregório; Pedro Graça; Stefaan de Henauw; Svetoslav Handjiev; Tommy L S Visscher; Jacob C Seidell Journal: Int J Equity Health Date: 2016-09-29
Authors: Nelia P Steyn; Anniza de Villiers; Nomonde Gwebushe; Catherine E Draper; Jillian Hill; Marina de Waal; Lucinda Dalais; Zulfa Abrahams; Carl Lombard; Estelle V Lambert Journal: BMC Public Health Date: 2015-09-23 Impact factor: 3.295