Bhim Bahadur Rai1, Faran Sabeti2,3, Corinne F Carle2,4, Emilie M F Rohan2, Özge Saraç2,5, Joshua van Kleef2, Ted Maddess2. 1. Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. bhim.rai@anu.edu.au. 2. Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Building 131 Garran Road, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia. 3. School of Optometry, University of Canberra, Bruce, ACT, Australia. 4. ANU Medical School, ANU, Canberra, ACT, Australia. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To study the pupillary system by combining mydriasis and multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP). In particular, we explored how the dynamics of recovery differ for concurrently measured direct and consensual sensitivity, response delay, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for binocular mydriasis. METHODS: We recruited 26 normal participants, all with brown irides. The dichoptic mfPOP stimuli concurrently assessed 44-region/eye and both pupils. Two pre-dilation tests were followed by pairs of repeated tests at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following dilation of both pupils with 1% tropicamide. Three subjects were retested with only the right pupil dilated. Linear models determined the independent effects of mydriasis upon the per-region and pupil measures over time. RESULTS: Post-dilation, the per-region delays initially decreased by 16.3 ± 6.02 ms (mean ± SE) (p < 0.0001, cf. baseline of 471.1 ± 4.36 ms), then increased to slower than baseline by 17.42 ± 5.57 ms after 4 h (p < 0.002), recovering to baseline at 8 h. By comparison, per-region sensitivities (constriction amplitudes) were still reduced by - 6.20 ± 0.70 μm at 8 h (p < 0.0001, cf. baseline of 21.1 ± 0.55 μm), recovered at 24 h, but rebounded at 48 h (p = 0.005). The SNRs for sensitivities and delays both recovered by 8-12 h. Across all the data, sensitivities reduced by 2.67 ± 0.25 μm/decade of age, and delay increased by 15.4 ± 1.98 ms/decade (both p < 0.00001). Data from 3 of the 26 subjects who repeated the testing for monocular dilation found that consensual response sensitivities were larger than direct for 8 h (p < 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The per-region sensitivities were affected for longer than SNRs or delays. Strong early SNRs indicated proportionately lower pupil noise for larger pupil diameters. Following mydriasis with tropicamide 1%, the constriction amplitude measurements with mfPOP should be considered only after 48 h, but time-to-peak can be measured after 8-12 h.
PURPOSE: To study the pupillary system by combining mydriasis and multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP). In particular, we explored how the dynamics of recovery differ for concurrently measured direct and consensual sensitivity, response delay, and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for binocular mydriasis. METHODS: We recruited 26 normal participants, all with brown irides. The dichoptic mfPOP stimuli concurrently assessed 44-region/eye and both pupils. Two pre-dilation tests were followed by pairs of repeated tests at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h following dilation of both pupils with 1% tropicamide. Three subjects were retested with only the right pupil dilated. Linear models determined the independent effects of mydriasis upon the per-region and pupil measures over time. RESULTS: Post-dilation, the per-region delays initially decreased by 16.3 ± 6.02 ms (mean ± SE) (p < 0.0001, cf. baseline of 471.1 ± 4.36 ms), then increased to slower than baseline by 17.42 ± 5.57 ms after 4 h (p < 0.002), recovering to baseline at 8 h. By comparison, per-region sensitivities (constriction amplitudes) were still reduced by - 6.20 ± 0.70 μm at 8 h (p < 0.0001, cf. baseline of 21.1 ± 0.55 μm), recovered at 24 h, but rebounded at 48 h (p = 0.005). The SNRs for sensitivities and delays both recovered by 8-12 h. Across all the data, sensitivities reduced by 2.67 ± 0.25 μm/decade of age, and delay increased by 15.4 ± 1.98 ms/decade (both p < 0.00001). Data from 3 of the 26 subjects who repeated the testing for monocular dilation found that consensual response sensitivities were larger than direct for 8 h (p < 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The per-region sensitivities were affected for longer than SNRs or delays. Strong early SNRs indicated proportionately lower pupil noise for larger pupil diameters. Following mydriasis with tropicamide 1%, the constriction amplitude measurements with mfPOP should be considered only after 48 h, but time-to-peak can be measured after 8-12 h.
Authors: Dennis M Dacey; Hsi-Wen Liao; Beth B Peterson; Farrel R Robinson; Vivianne C Smith; Joel Pokorny; King-Wai Yau; Paul D Gamlin Journal: Nature Date: 2005-02-17 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Corinne F Carle; Andrew C James; Maria Kolic; Rohan W Essex; Ted Maddess Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2015-10 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Bhim B Rai; Rohan W Essex; Faran Sabeti; Ted Maddess; Emilie M F Rohan; Joshua P van Kleef; Corinne F Carle Journal: Transl Vis Sci Technol Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 3.283
Authors: Bhim B Rai; Faran Sabeti; Corinne F Carle; Emilie M Rohan; Josh P van Kleef; Rohan W Essex; Richard C Barry; Ted Maddess Journal: Ophthalmol Sci Date: 2022-03-18