Nagaraja SreeHarsha1, Rahul Maheshwari2,3, Bandar E Al-Dhubiab1, Muktika Tekade4, Mukesh Chandra Sharma4, Katharigatta N Venugopala1,5, Rakesh Kumar Tekade2,6,7, Abdullah M Alzahrani8. 1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 2. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India. 3. School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana 509 301, India. 4. School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshila Campus, Indore, MP 452001, India. 5. Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa. 6. Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, The International Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia. 7. Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Jammu, Jammu - 181 221, J&K, India. 8. Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest prevalence in men and accounts for a high rate of neoplasia-related death. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anti-neoplastic drugs for prostate cancer among others. However, it has low specificity and many side effects and affects normal cells. More recently, there have been newly developed drug delivery tools which are graphene or graphene-based, used to increase the specificity of the delivered drug molecules. The graphene derivatives possess both π-π stacking and increased hydrophobicity, factors that increase the likelihood of drug delivery. Despite this, the hydrophilicity of graphene remains problematic, as it induced problems with stability. For this reason, the use of a chitosan coating remains one way to modify the surface features of graphene. METHOD: In this investigation, a hybrid nanoparticle that consisted of a DOX-loaded reduced graphene oxide that is stabilized with chitosan (rGOD-HNP) was developed. RESULT: The newly developed rGOD-HNP demonstrated high biocompatibility and efficiency in entrapping DOX (~65%) and releasing it in a controlled manner (~50% release in 48 h). Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that rGOD-HNP can intracellularly deliver DOX and more specifically in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION: This delivery tool offers a feasible and viable method to deliver DOX photo-thermally in the treatment of prostate cancer.
BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer (PC) has the highest prevalence in men and accounts for a high rate of neoplasia-related death. Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anti-neoplastic drugs for prostate cancer among others. However, it has low specificity and many side effects and affects normal cells. More recently, there have been newly developed drug delivery tools which are graphene or graphene-based, used to increase the specificity of the delivered drug molecules. The graphene derivatives possess both π-π stacking and increased hydrophobicity, factors that increase the likelihood of drug delivery. Despite this, the hydrophilicity of graphene remains problematic, as it induced problems with stability. For this reason, the use of a chitosan coating remains one way to modify the surface features of graphene. METHOD: In this investigation, a hybrid nanoparticle that consisted of a DOX-loaded reduced graphene oxide that is stabilized with chitosan (rGOD-HNP) was developed. RESULT: The newly developed rGOD-HNP demonstrated high biocompatibility and efficiency in entrapping DOX (~65%) and releasing it in a controlled manner (~50% release in 48 h). Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that rGOD-HNP can intracellularly deliver DOX and more specifically in PC-3 prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSION: This delivery tool offers a feasible and viable method to deliver DOX photo-thermally in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Authors: Rahul G S Maheshwari; Rakesh K Tekade; Piyoosh A Sharma; Gajanan Darwhekar; Abhishek Tyagi; Rakesh P Patel; Dinesh K Jain Journal: Saudi Pharm J Date: 2011-10-31 Impact factor: 4.330