Tamara L Clements1, Cynthia A Rossi1, Amanda K Irish2, Hannah Kibuuka3, Leigh Anne Eller3, Merlin L Robb4, Peter Kataaha5, Nelson L Michael6, Lisa E Hensley7, Randal J Schoepp1. 1. US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland. 2. College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. 3. Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. 4. Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland. 5. Nakasero Blood Bank, Kampala, Uganda. 6. Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland. 7. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-Integrated Research Facility, Frederick, Maryland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A serosurvey of healthy blood donors provided evidence of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne virus infections in Uganda. METHODS: Antibody prevalence to arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human sera was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). RESULTS: The greatest antibody prevalence determined by ELISA was to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed in descending order by West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), dengue virus (DEN), yellow fever virus (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Marburg virus (MARV), and Lassa virus (LASV). Further investigation of CHIKV-positive sera demonstrated that the majority of antibody responses may likely be the result of exposure to the closely related alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV). CONCLUSIONS: As the use of highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based assays becomes the diagnostic standard without the corresponding use of the less sensitive but more broadly reactive immunological-based assays, emerging and re-emerging outbreaks will be initially missed, illustrating the need for an orthogonal system for the detection and identification of viruses causing disease. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019.
BACKGROUND: A serosurvey of healthy blood donors provided evidence of hemorrhagic fever and arthropod-borne virus infections in Uganda. METHODS: Antibody prevalence to arthropod-borne and hemorrhagic fever viruses in human sera was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). RESULTS: The greatest antibody prevalence determined by ELISA was to chikungunya virus (CHIKV) followed in descending order by West Nile virus (WNV), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Ebola virus (EBOV), dengue virus (DEN), yellow fever virus (YFV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), Marburg virus (MARV), and Lassa virus (LASV). Further investigation of CHIKV-positive sera demonstrated that the majority of antibody responses may likely be the result of exposure to the closely related alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV). CONCLUSIONS: As the use of highly specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based assays becomes the diagnostic standard without the corresponding use of the less sensitive but more broadly reactive immunological-based assays, emerging and re-emerging outbreaks will be initially missed, illustrating the need for an orthogonal system for the detection and identification of viruses causing disease. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Infectious Diseases Society of America 2019.
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