Erin B Stallings1,2, Jennifer L Isenburg1, Tyiesha D Short1,3, Dominique Heinke4, Russell S Kirby5, Paul A Romitti6, Mark A Canfield7, Leslie A O'Leary1, Rebecca F Liberman4, Nina E Forestieri8, Wendy N Nembhard9, Theresa Sandidge10, Eirini Nestoridi4, Jason L Salemi11, Amy E Nance12, Kirstan Duckett13, Glenda M Ramirez14, Xiaoyi Shan15, Jing Shi16, Philip J Lupo17. 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Carter Consulting, Incorporated, Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. 4. Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts. 5. College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida. 6. Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa. 7. Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas. 8. Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina. 9. Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Arkansas Center for Birth Defects Research and Prevention, Little Rock, Arkansas. 10. Illinois Department of Public Health, Springfield, Illinois. 11. Department of Family and Community Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 12. Utah Birth Defect Network, Division of Family Health and Preparedness, Utah Department of Health, Salt Lake City, Utah. 13. Ohio Department of Health, Columbus, Ohio. 14. Arizona Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Arizona Department of Health Services, Phoenix, Arizona. 15. Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System, Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, Arkansas. 16. Special Child Health and Early Intervention Services, New Jersey Department of Health, Trenton, New Jersey. 17. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: In this report, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) examines and compares gastroschisis and omphalocele for a recent 5-year birth cohort using data from 30 population-based birth defect surveillance programs in the United States. METHODS: As a special call for data for the 2019 NBDPN Annual Report, state programs reported expanded data on gastroschisis and omphalocele for birth years 2012-2016. We estimated the overall prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each defect as well as by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, and case ascertainment methodology utilized by the program (active vs. passive). We also compared distribution of cases by maternal and infant factors and presence/absence of other birth defects. RESULTS: The overall prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were 4.3 (95% CI: 4.1-4.4) for gastroschisis and 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0-2.2) for omphalocele. Gastroschisis was more frequent among young mothers (<25 years) and omphalocele more common among older mothers (>40 years). Mothers of infants with gastroschisis were more likely to be underweight/normal weight prior to pregnancy and mothers of infants with omphalocele more likely to be overweight/obese. Omphalocele was twice as likely as gastroschisis to co-occur with other birth defects. CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights important differences between gastroschisis and omphalocele. These differences indicate the importance of distinguishing between these defects in epidemiologic assessments. The report also provides additional data on co-occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele with other birth defects. This information can provide a basis for future research to better understand these defects. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES: In this report, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) examines and compares gastroschisis and omphalocele for a recent 5-year birth cohort using data from 30 population-based birth defect surveillance programs in the United States. METHODS: As a special call for data for the 2019 NBDPN Annual Report, state programs reported expanded data on gastroschisis and omphalocele for birth years 2012-2016. We estimated the overall prevalence (per 10,000 live births) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each defect as well as by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, infant sex, and case ascertainment methodology utilized by the program (active vs. passive). We also compared distribution of cases by maternal and infant factors and presence/absence of other birth defects. RESULTS: The overall prevalence estimates (per 10,000 live births) were 4.3 (95% CI: 4.1-4.4) for gastroschisis and 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0-2.2) for omphalocele. Gastroschisis was more frequent among young mothers (<25 years) and omphalocele more common among older mothers (>40 years). Mothers of infants with gastroschisis were more likely to be underweight/normal weight prior to pregnancy and mothers of infants with omphalocele more likely to be overweight/obese. Omphalocele was twice as likely as gastroschisis to co-occur with other birth defects. CONCLUSIONS: This report highlights important differences between gastroschisis and omphalocele. These differences indicate the importance of distinguishing between these defects in epidemiologic assessments. The report also provides additional data on co-occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele with other birth defects. This information can provide a basis for future research to better understand these defects. Published 2019. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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