Carey E Gleason1, Derek Norton2, Megan Zuelsdorff3, Susan F Benton4, Mary F Wyman5, Naomi Nystrom6, Nickolas Lambrou5, Hector Salazar3, Rebecca L Koscik7, Erin Jonaitis7, Fabu Carter3, Brieanna Harris3, Alexander Gee8, Nathaniel Chin3, Frederick Ketchum9, Sterling C Johnson10, Dorothy F Edwards11, Cynthia M Carlsson10, Walter Kukull12, Sanjay Asthana10. 1. Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA. Electronic address: ceg@medicine.wisc.edu. 2. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. 3. Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA. 4. Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 5. Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA. 6. Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Minnesota Department of Human Services, MN, USA. 7. Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 8. Nehemiah Center for Urban Leadership Development, Madison, WI, USA. 9. Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 10. Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (11G), William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 11. Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA. 12. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA; National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We examined the influence of enrollment factors demonstrated to differ by race on incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia using Alzheimer's Disease Center data. METHODS: Differences in rates of incident impairment between non-Latino Whites and Blacks (n = 12,242) were examined with age-at-progression survival models. Models included race, sex, education, source of recruitment, health factors, and family history of dementia. RESULTS: No significant race differences in progression were observed in cognitively unimpaired participants. In those with mild cognitive impairment at baseline, Whites evidenced greater risk for progression than Blacks. Enrollment factors, for example, referral source, were significantly related to progression. DISCUSSION: The finding that Blacks demonstrated lower rate of progression than Whites is contrary to the extant literature. Nested-regression analyses suggested that selection-related factors, differing by race, may account for these findings and influence our ability to accurately estimate risk for progression. It is potentially problematic to make racial comparisons using Alzheimer's Disease Center data sets. Published by Elsevier Inc.
INTRODUCTION: We examined the influence of enrollment factors demonstrated to differ by race on incident mild cognitive impairment and dementia using Alzheimer's Disease Center data. METHODS: Differences in rates of incident impairment between non-Latino Whites and Blacks (n = 12,242) were examined with age-at-progression survival models. Models included race, sex, education, source of recruitment, health factors, and family history of dementia. RESULTS: No significant race differences in progression were observed in cognitively unimpaired participants. In those with mild cognitive impairment at baseline, Whites evidenced greater risk for progression than Blacks. Enrollment factors, for example, referral source, were significantly related to progression. DISCUSSION: The finding that Blacks demonstrated lower rate of progression than Whites is contrary to the extant literature. Nested-regression analyses suggested that selection-related factors, differing by race, may account for these findings and influence our ability to accurately estimate risk for progression. It is potentially problematic to make racial comparisons using Alzheimer's Disease Center data sets. Published by Elsevier Inc.
Authors: Mindy J Katz; Richard B Lipton; Charles B Hall; Molly E Zimmerman; Amy E Sanders; Joe Verghese; Dennis W Dickson; Carol A Derby Journal: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord Date: 2012 Oct-Dec Impact factor: 2.703
Authors: Jennifer L Watson; Laurie Ryan; Nina Silverberg; Vicky Cahan; Marie A Bernard Journal: Health Aff (Millwood) Date: 2014-04 Impact factor: 6.301
Authors: H C Hendrie; A Ogunniyi; K S Hall; O Baiyewu; F W Unverzagt; O Gureje; S Gao; R M Evans; A O Ogunseyinde; A O Adeyinka; B Musick; S L Hui Journal: JAMA Date: 2001-02-14 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Clifford R Jack; David A Bennett; Kaj Blennow; Maria C Carrillo; Billy Dunn; Samantha Budd Haeberlein; David M Holtzman; William Jagust; Frank Jessen; Jason Karlawish; Enchi Liu; Jose Luis Molinuevo; Thomas Montine; Creighton Phelps; Katherine P Rankin; Christopher C Rowe; Philip Scheltens; Eric Siemers; Heather M Snyder; Reisa Sperling Journal: Alzheimers Dement Date: 2018-04 Impact factor: 21.566
Authors: Lin Y Chen; Faye L Norby; Rebecca F Gottesman; Thomas H Mosley; Elsayed Z Soliman; Sunil K Agarwal; Laura R Loehr; Aaron R Folsom; Josef Coresh; Alvaro Alonso Journal: J Am Heart Assoc Date: 2018-03-07 Impact factor: 5.501
Authors: Ganesh M Babulal; Sarah H Stout; Monique M Williams; Ganesh Rajasekar; Annie Harmon; Jonathon Vivoda; Megan Zuelsdorff; Tammie L S Benzinger; John C Morris; Beau Ances; Catherine M Roe Journal: J Racial Ethn Health Disparities Date: 2019-11-04
Authors: Megan Zuelsdorff; Ozioma C Okonkwo; Derek Norton; Lisa L Barnes; Karen L Graham; Lindsay R Clark; Mary F Wyman; Susan F Benton; Alexander Gee; Nickolas Lambrou; Sterling C Johnson; Carey E Gleason Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2020 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Kathryn N Devlin; Laura Brennan; Laura Saad; Tania Giovannetti; Roy H Hamilton; David A Wolk; Sharon X Xie; Dawn Mechanic-Hamilton Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2022 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Lisa V Graves; Emily C Edmonds; Kelsey R Thomas; Alexandra J Weigand; Shanna Cooper; Ariana M Stickel; Zvinka Z Zlatar; Alexandra L Clark; Mark W Bondi Journal: Clin Neuropsychol Date: 2021-09-09 Impact factor: 3.535
Authors: Clark Benson; Amanda Friz; Shannon Mullen; Laura Block; Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi Journal: J Empir Res Hum Res Ethics Date: 2020-11-26 Impact factor: 1.742
Authors: Adrienne L Johnson; Naomi C Nystrom; Megan E Piper; Jessica Cook; Derek L Norton; Megan Zuelsdorff; Mary F Wyman; Susan Flowers Benton; Nickolas H Lambrou; John O'Hara; Nathaniel A Chin; Sanjay Asthana; Cynthia Carlsson; Carey E Gleason Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2021 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: Andrea Gilmore-Bykovskyi; Raina Croff; Crystal M Glover; Jonathan D Jackson; Jason Resendez; Adriana Perez; Megan Zuelsdorff; Gina Green-Harris; Jennifer J Manly Journal: Gerontologist Date: 2022-05-26
Authors: Fred B Ketchum; Claire M Erickson; Nathaniel A Chin; Carey E Gleason; Nickolas H Lambrou; Susan Flowers Benton; Lindsay R Clark Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2022 Impact factor: 4.160