Effect on Survival of Concurrent Hemoconcentration and Increase in Creatinine During Treatment of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure.

Hemoconcentration during the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure is a surrogate for plasma volume reduction and is associated with improved survival, but most definitions only allow for hemoconcentration to be determined retrospectively. An increase in serum creatinine can also be a marker of aggressive decongestion, but in isolation is not specific. Our objective was to determine if combined hemoconcentration and worsening creatinine could better identify patients that were aggressively treated and, as such, may have improved postdischarge outcomes. A total of 4,181 patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure were evaluated. Those who experienced both hemoconcentration and worsening creatinine at any point had a profile consistent with aggressive in-hospital treatment and longer length of stay (p <0.01), higher loop diuretic doses (p <0.001), greater weight (p = 0.001), and net fluid loss (p <0.001) compared with the remainder of the cohort. In isolation, neither worsening creatinine (p = 0.11) nor hemoconcentration (p = 0.36) at any time were associated with improved survival. However, patients who experienced both (21%) had significantly better survival (hazard ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.69 to 0.94, pinteraction = 0.005). In conclusion, this combination of hemoconcentration and worsening creatinine, which can be determined prospectively during patient care, was associated with in-hospital parameters consistent with aggressive diuresis and improved postdischarge survival.