Natural Variation in RNA m6A Methylation and Its Relationship with Translational Status.

N 6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant modification of eukaryotic mRNA. Although m6A has been demonstrated to affect almost all aspects of RNA metabolism, its global contribution to the post-transcriptional balancing of translational efficiency remains elusive in plants. In this study, we performed a parallel analysis of the transcriptome-wide mRNA m6A distribution and polysome profiling in two maize (Zea mays) inbred lines to assess the global correlation of m6A modification with translational status. m6A sites are widely distributed in thousands of protein-coding genes, confined to a consensus motif and primarily enriched in the 3' untranslated regions, and highly coordinated with alternative polyadenylation usage, suggesting a role of m6A modification in regulating alternative polyadenylation site choice. More importantly, we identified that the m6A modification shows multifaceted correlations with the translational status depending on its strength and genic location. Moreover, we observed a substantial intraspecies variation in m6A modification, and this natural variation was shown to be partly driven by gene-specific expression and alternative splicing. Together, these findings provide an invaluable resource for ascertaining transcripts that are subject to m6A modification in maize and pave the way to a better understanding of natural m6A variation in mediating gene expression regulation.