Andrea Naldi1, Paolo Provero2,3, Alessandro Vercelli4,5, Mauro Bergui6, Anna Teresa Mazzeo7, Roberto Cantello8, Giacomo Tondo9, Piergiorgio Lochner10. 1. Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy. naldi.andrea@yahoo.it. 2. Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 3. Center for Translational Genomics and Bioinformatics, San Raffaele Scientific Institute IRCCS, Milan, Italy. 4. Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 5. Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy. 6. Neuroradiology, Department of Neuroscience "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 7. Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy. 8. Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Neurology, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy. 9. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy. 10. Department of Neurology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is used for the non-invasive assessment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). ONSD values are usually obtained by averaging the measurements of the two eyes, but asymmetric ONSD dilation is possible, leading to potentially inaccurate ICP estimation when using binocular averaging. In addition, few data are available about the asymmetry of the ONSD and the use of the maximum ONSD value between eyes for raised ICP detection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interocular ONSD asymmetry in healthy subjects and patients with intracranial hypertension (IH) by ultrasonography and to investigate whether the maximum ONSD could be as useful as the binocular assessment. METHODS: Forty healthy subjects and 40 patients with IH (20 with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 20 with intracerebral hemorrhage) who underwent transorbital sonography were retrospectively enrolled. The prevalence and degree of ONSD asymmetry were compared among groups; ONSD median binocular and maximum values were compared. RESULTS: Forty-two out of 80 subjects (52.5%) showed significant ONSD asymmetry, without significant differences in prevalence among groups (p = 0.28). The median asymmetry was higher in patients than in healthy subjects (0.45 mm vs 0.23 mm; p = 0.007), without significant differences between the two pathologies (p = 0.58). Both binocular and maximum ONSD measurements were significantly higher in patients with IH than in controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Interocular ONSD asymmetry occurs both in healthy subjects and, more consistently, in patients with IH. Both binocular and maximum ONSD may be useful markers for increased ICP detection.
BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) is used for the non-invasive assessment of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). ONSD values are usually obtained by averaging the measurements of the two eyes, but asymmetric ONSD dilation is possible, leading to potentially inaccurate ICP estimation when using binocular averaging. In addition, few data are available about the asymmetry of the ONSD and the use of the maximum ONSD value between eyes for raised ICP detection. The aim of the study was to evaluate the interocular ONSD asymmetry in healthy subjects and patients with intracranial hypertension (IH) by ultrasonography and to investigate whether the maximum ONSD could be as useful as the binocular assessment. METHODS: Forty healthy subjects and 40 patients with IH (20 with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 20 with intracerebral hemorrhage) who underwent transorbital sonography were retrospectively enrolled. The prevalence and degree of ONSD asymmetry were compared among groups; ONSD median binocular and maximum values were compared. RESULTS: Forty-two out of 80 subjects (52.5%) showed significant ONSD asymmetry, without significant differences in prevalence among groups (p = 0.28). The median asymmetry was higher in patients than in healthy subjects (0.45 mm vs 0.23 mm; p = 0.007), without significant differences between the two pathologies (p = 0.58). Both binocular and maximum ONSD measurements were significantly higher in patients with IH than in controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Interocular ONSD asymmetry occurs both in healthy subjects and, more consistently, in patients with IH. Both binocular and maximum ONSD may be useful markers for increased ICP detection.
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