The role of dopamine in eye growth responses to color and luminance flicker in chicks.

Stroboscopic luminance flicker has been found to prevent the increase in eye growth normally associated with form deprivation through the release of retinal dopamine. In this study, we sought to investigate whether dopamine plays a role in the decreased growth observed with 2 Hz sine-wave luminance flicker and increased growth with color flicker. Starting 5-7 days after hatching, chicks were exposed to 2 Hz sinusoidally modulated illumination (Mean: 680 lux) for 4 days and were otherwise in the dark. Chicks were exposed to color-modulated red and green (RG) light, to luminance modulated RGB components (LUM), or to a no-flicker (NF) control. Chicks received daily 10 μL intravitreal injections of apomorphine, spiperone, or saline. Fellow eyes received no injection. Spiperone injections prevented the decrease in eye growth typically seen with LUM flicker, with a relative increase in eye length, but no other significant effects compared with saline controls. Apomorphine injections prevented the increase in eye growth typically seen with RG flicker, with a relative decrease in eye length compared to saline controls. These results indicate a role for the activation of D2-receptor types in the inhibition of eye growth in response to luminance flicker, and a lack of dopamine receptor activation associated with the increase in eye growth with color flicker.