F Jasmijn Smits1, I Quintus Molenaar2, Marc G Besselink3, Inne H M Borel Rinkes1, Casper H J van Eijck4, Olivier R Busch3, Hjalmar C van Santvoort5. 1. Dept. of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 2. Dept. of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dept. of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. 3. Dept. of Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 4. Dept. of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 5. Dept. of Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Dept. of Surgery, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435 CM, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands. Electronic address: h.vansantvoort@umcutrecht.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Early recognition of postoperative pancreatic fistula might decrease the risk of subsequent life threatening complications. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the accuracy of postoperative clinical, biochemical and radiologic variables for early recognition of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed up to August 2018. Clinical studies reporting on the association between postoperative variables and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula were included. Variables were stratified: early prediction (postoperative day 1-2) versus early diagnosis (day 3) and had to be reported in 2 cohorts. RESULTS: Overall, 37 included studies reported on 17 different diagnostic variables after 8701 pancreatic resections. Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 1532/8701 patients (18%). Early prediction variables included elevated serum and drain amylase (day 1). Identified variables for early diagnosis were: non-serous drain efflux (day 3); positive drain culture (day 3); elevated temperature (any day); elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP; day 4); elevated white blood cell count (day 4) and peripancreatic collections on computed tomography (CT; day 5-10). CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive overview of postoperative variables associated with clinically relevant pancreatic fistula. Incorporation of variables in future algorithms could potentially mitigate the clinical impact of postoperative pancreatic fistula.
BACKGROUND: Early recognition of postoperative pancreatic fistula might decrease the risk of subsequent life threatening complications. The aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the accuracy of postoperative clinical, biochemical and radiologic variables for early recognition of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed up to August 2018. Clinical studies reporting on the association between postoperative variables and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula were included. Variables were stratified: early prediction (postoperative day 1-2) versus early diagnosis (day 3) and had to be reported in 2 cohorts. RESULTS: Overall, 37 included studies reported on 17 different diagnostic variables after 8701 pancreatic resections. Clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula occurred in 1532/8701 patients (18%). Early prediction variables included elevated serum and drain amylase (day 1). Identified variables for early diagnosis were: non-serous drain efflux (day 3); positive drain culture (day 3); elevated temperature (any day); elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP; day 4); elevated white blood cell count (day 4) and peripancreatic collections on computed tomography (CT; day 5-10). CONCLUSION: This review provides a comprehensive overview of postoperative variables associated with clinically relevant pancreatic fistula. Incorporation of variables in future algorithms could potentially mitigate the clinical impact of postoperative pancreatic fistula.