Holly K Hamilton1,2, Brian J Roach2, Peter M Bachman3, Aysenil Belger4, Ricardo E Carrion5,6,7, Erica Duncan8,9, Jason K Johannesen10,11, Gregory A Light12,13, Margaret A Niznikiewicz14,15, Jean Addington16, Carrie E Bearden17,18, Kristin S Cadenhead12, Barbara A Cornblatt5,6,7,19, Thomas H McGlashan10, Diana O Perkins4, Larry J Seidman14, Ming T Tsuang12, Elaine F Walker9,20, Scott W Woods10, Tyrone D Cannon10,21, Daniel H Mathalon1,2. 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco. 2. San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, California. 3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 4. Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 5. Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York. 6. Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York. 7. Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York. 8. Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia. 9. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 10. Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 11. Veterans Affairs Connecticut Health Care System, West Haven, Connecticut. 12. Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 13. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California. 14. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 15. Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, Massachusetts. 16. Hotchkiss Brain Institute Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. 17. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles. 18. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles. 19. Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-Long Island Jewish School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York. 20. Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. 21. Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Abstract
Importance: In most patients, a prodromal period precedes the onset of schizophrenia. Although clinical criteria for identifying the psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) show promising predictive validity, assessment of neurophysiologic abnormalities in at-risk individuals may improve clinical prediction and clarify the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Objective: To determine whether P300 event-related potential amplitude, which is deficient in schizophrenia, is reduced in the PRS and associated with clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Auditory P300 data were collected as part of the multisite, case-control North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) at 8 university-based outpatient programs. Participants included 552 individuals meeting PRS criteria and 236 healthy controls with P300 data. Auditory P300 data of participants at risk who converted to psychosis (n = 73) were compared with those of nonconverters who were followed up for 24 months and continued to be symptomatic (n = 135) or remitted from the PRS (n = 90). Data were collected from May 27, 2009, to September 17, 2014, and were analyzed from December 3, 2015, to May 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Baseline electroencephalography was recorded during an auditory oddball task. Two P300 subcomponents were measured: P3b, elicited by infrequent target stimuli, and P3a, elicited by infrequent nontarget novel stimuli. Results: This study included 788 participants. The PRS group (n = 552) included 236 females (42.8%) (mean [SD] age, 19.21 [4.38] years), and the healthy control group (n = 236) included 111 females (47.0%) (mean [SD] age, 20.44 [4.73] years). Target P3b and novelty P3a amplitudes were reduced in at-risk individuals vs healthy controls (d = 0.37). Target P3b, but not novelty P3a, was significantly reduced in psychosis converters vs nonconverters (d = 0.26), and smaller target P3b amplitude was associated with a shorter time to psychosis onset in at-risk individuals (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.00; P = .03). Participants with the PRS who remitted had baseline target P3b amplitudes that were similar to those of healthy controls and greater than those of converters (d = 0.51) and at-risk individuals who remained symptomatic (d = 0.41). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, deficits in P300 amplitude appeared to precede psychosis onset. Target P3b amplitudes, in particular, may be sensitive to clinical outcomes in the PRS, including both conversion to psychosis and clinical remission. Auditory target P3b amplitude shows promise as a putative prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in the PRS.
Importance: In most patients, a prodromal period precedes the onset of schizophrenia. Although clinical criteria for identifying the psychosis risk syndrome (PRS) show promising predictive validity, assessment of neurophysiologic abnormalities in at-risk individuals may improve clinical prediction and clarify the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Objective: To determine whether P300 event-related potential amplitude, which is deficient in schizophrenia, is reduced in the PRS and associated with clinical outcomes. Design, Setting, and Participants: Auditory P300 data were collected as part of the multisite, case-control North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS-2) at 8 university-based outpatient programs. Participants included 552 individuals meeting PRS criteria and 236 healthy controls with P300 data. Auditory P300 data of participants at risk who converted to psychosis (n = 73) were compared with those of nonconverters who were followed up for 24 months and continued to be symptomatic (n = 135) or remitted from the PRS (n = 90). Data were collected from May 27, 2009, to September 17, 2014, and were analyzed from December 3, 2015, to May 1, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Baseline electroencephalography was recorded during an auditory oddball task. Two P300 subcomponents were measured: P3b, elicited by infrequent target stimuli, and P3a, elicited by infrequent nontarget novel stimuli. Results: This study included 788 participants. The PRS group (n = 552) included 236 females (42.8%) (mean [SD] age, 19.21 [4.38] years), and the healthy control group (n = 236) included 111 females (47.0%) (mean [SD] age, 20.44 [4.73] years). Target P3b and novelty P3a amplitudes were reduced in at-risk individuals vs healthy controls (d = 0.37). Target P3b, but not novelty P3a, was significantly reduced in psychosis converters vs nonconverters (d = 0.26), and smaller target P3b amplitude was associated with a shorter time to psychosis onset in at-risk individuals (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04-2.00; P = .03). Participants with the PRS who remitted had baseline target P3b amplitudes that were similar to those of healthy controls and greater than those of converters (d = 0.51) and at-risk individuals who remained symptomatic (d = 0.41). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, deficits in P300 amplitude appeared to precede psychosis onset. Target P3b amplitudes, in particular, may be sensitive to clinical outcomes in the PRS, including both conversion to psychosis and clinical remission. Auditory target P3b amplitude shows promise as a putative prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in the PRS.
Authors: Alison R Yung; Hok Pan Yuen; Patrick D McGorry; Lisa J Phillips; Daniel Kelly; Margaret Dell'Olio; Shona M Francey; Elizabeth M Cosgrave; Eoin Killackey; Carrie Stanford; Katherine Godfrey; Joe Buckby Journal: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Date: 2005 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 5.744
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Authors: Brian J Roach; Holly K Hamilton; Peter Bachman; Aysenil Belger; Ricardo E Carrión; Erica Duncan; Jason Johannesen; Joshua G Kenney; Gregory Light; Margaret Niznikiewicz; Jean Addington; Carrie E Bearden; Emily M Owens; Kristin S Cadenhead; Tyrone D Cannon; Barbara A Cornblatt; Thomas H McGlashan; Diana O Perkins; Larry Seidman; Ming Tsuang; Elaine F Walker; Scott W Woods; Daniel H Mathalon Journal: Int J Methods Psychiatr Res Date: 2020-03-30 Impact factor: 4.035