Bart Degreef1, Khanh T Ngo2, Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl2, Stephen G Weber3. 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium. 2. Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 3. Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical Translational Sciences Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. Electronic address: sweber@pitt.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recently, the time resolution of microdialysis followed by a chemical separation for quantitative analysis has improved. The advent of faster microdialysis measurements promises to aid in behavioral research on awake animals. However, microdialysis with awake animals generally employs a fluidic commutator (swivel). The swivel's volume is inimical to the time resolution of the measurements. NEW METHOD: Animals can be housed in rotating cages so that the swivel is not required, but rotating operant chambers are not available. Here we describe the design and construction of a rotating operant chamber with microdialysis capability. We modified a rotating cage by adding operant behavior testing components to the side of the bowl-shaped cage. A modular on-board controller facilitates operant component/computer communication. A battery provides power to the controller and the operant components. The battery and controller rotate with the cage, and the controller communicates with the computer wirelessly. RESULTS: The rotating operant chamber can be used to train a rat to retrieve a sucrose pellet following a cue. Microdialysis and online liquid chromatography can be used to measure dopamine at one minute intervals while the rat moves freely and interacts with operant behavior testing components. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): We are not aware of one-minute dopamine measurements in awake animals in an operant chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Rotating cage modifications are straightforward. One-minute observations of striatal dopamine can be accomplished while an animal is awake, moving, and interacting with its surroundings.
BACKGROUND: Recently, the time resolution of microdialysis followed by a chemical separation for quantitative analysis has improved. The advent of faster microdialysis measurements promises to aid in behavioral research on awake animals. However, microdialysis with awake animals generally employs a fluidic commutator (swivel). The swivel's volume is inimical to the time resolution of the measurements. NEW METHOD: Animals can be housed in rotating cages so that the swivel is not required, but rotating operant chambers are not available. Here we describe the design and construction of a rotating operant chamber with microdialysis capability. We modified a rotating cage by adding operant behavior testing components to the side of the bowl-shaped cage. A modular on-board controller facilitates operant component/computer communication. A battery provides power to the controller and the operant components. The battery and controller rotate with the cage, and the controller communicates with the computer wirelessly. RESULTS: The rotating operant chamber can be used to train a rat to retrieve a sucrose pellet following a cue. Microdialysis and online liquid chromatography can be used to measure dopamine at one minute intervals while the rat moves freely and interacts with operant behavior testing components. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S): We are not aware of one-minute dopamine measurements in awake animals in an operant chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Rotating cage modifications are straightforward. One-minute observations of striatal dopamine can be accomplished while an animal is awake, moving, and interacting with its surroundings.
Authors: Jing Zhang; Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl; Kathryn M Nesbitt; Sarah C Rutan; Adrian C Michael; Stephen G Weber Journal: Anal Chem Date: 2013-09-24 Impact factor: 6.986
Authors: Andrea Jaquins-Gerstl; Zhan Shu; Jing Zhang; Yansheng Liu; Stephen G Weber; Adrian C Michael Journal: Anal Chem Date: 2011-09-15 Impact factor: 6.986
Authors: M L Rogers; P A Brennan; C L Leong; S A N Gowers; T Aldridge; T K Mellor; M G Boutelle Journal: Anal Bioanal Chem Date: 2013-02-26 Impact factor: 4.142