Mika Nishii1, Sakiko Soutome2, Akiko Kawakita3, Hirokazu Yutori3, Eiji Iwata4, Masaya Akashi4, Takumi Hasegawa4, Yuka Kojima5, Madoka Funahara6, Masahiro Umeda3, Takahide Komori4. 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Hospital, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. 2. Perioperative Oral Management Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan. sakiko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp. 3. Department of Clinical Oral Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan. 4. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunoki-Cho, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. 5. Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1191, Japan. 6. School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakitaku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The present retrospective multicenter study intended to investigate the factors associated with severe oral mucositis and candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. METHODS: A total of 326 patients who underwent radiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal cancers were enrolled in the study. The patients' age, sex, body mass index, primary site, diabetes, serum albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin, leukocyte and lymphocyte, concurrent cisplatin or cetuximab, method of radiation, total radiation dose, feeding route, use of spacers, pilocarpine hydrochloride, and corticosteroid ointment were examined, and the associations of each variable with oral mucositis and candidiasis were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Grade 3 oral mucositis occurred in 136 (41.7%) patients. Male sex, oropharyngeal cancer, low hemoglobin levels, low leukocytes or lymphocytes, concurrent cisplatin or cetuximab, and oral feeding were found to be significantly associated with a higher incidence of severe oral mucositis. Oral candidiasis occurred in 101 (31.0%) patients. Oropharyngeal cancer, low leukocyte count, and oral mucositis of grade 2 or higher were found to be significantly associated with a higher incidence of oral candidiasis. The use of a topical steroid ointment was not found to be a risk factor for oral candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The present retrospective study demonstrated that certain factors may predispose patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers receiving radiotherapy to develop severe oral mucositis and oral candidiasis. A preventive strategy for severe oral mucositis needs to be established in the future for high-risk cases.
PURPOSE: The present retrospective multicenter study intended to investigate the factors associated with severe oral mucositis and candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas. METHODS: A total of 326 patients who underwent radiotherapy for oral and oropharyngeal cancers were enrolled in the study. The patients' age, sex, body mass index, primary site, diabetes, serum albumin, creatinine, hemoglobin, leukocyte and lymphocyte, concurrent cisplatin or cetuximab, method of radiation, total radiation dose, feeding route, use of spacers, pilocarpine hydrochloride, and corticosteroid ointment were examined, and the associations of each variable with oral mucositis and candidiasis were analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: Grade 3 oral mucositis occurred in 136 (41.7%) patients. Male sex, oropharyngeal cancer, low hemoglobin levels, low leukocytes or lymphocytes, concurrent cisplatin or cetuximab, and oral feeding were found to be significantly associated with a higher incidence of severe oral mucositis. Oral candidiasis occurred in 101 (31.0%) patients. Oropharyngeal cancer, low leukocyte count, and oral mucositis of grade 2 or higher were found to be significantly associated with a higher incidence of oral candidiasis. The use of a topical steroid ointment was not found to be a risk factor for oral candidiasis. CONCLUSIONS: The present retrospective study demonstrated that certain factors may predispose patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancers receiving radiotherapy to develop severe oral mucositis and oral candidiasis. A preventive strategy for severe oral mucositis needs to be established in the future for high-risk cases.
Entities:
Keywords:
Head and neck cancer; Oral candidiasis; Oral mucositis; Radiotherapy; Risk factors
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