Marina Curra1, Amanda F Gabriel1, Maria Beatriz C Ferreira2, Marco Antonio T Martins1,3, André T Brunetto4, Lauro J Gregianin5, Manoela Domingues Martins6,7. 1. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, sala 503, CEP: 90035-003 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 2. Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 3. Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 4. Childhood Cancer Institute, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 5. Department of Pediatric Oncology, Porto Alegre Clínicas Hospital (HCPA/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. 6. Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2492, sala 503, CEP: 90035-003 Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. manomartins@gmail.com. 7. Department of Oral Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA/UFRGS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. manomartins@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and risk factors for oral mucositis (OM) in patients with childhood cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Eight hundred and twenty-nine cycles of chemotherapy were evaluated in 112 patients with childhood cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy protocol, hematological, hepatic, and renal function parameters were collected and compared to presence and severity of OM, as graded by the World Health Organization (WHO) scale. Patients received counseling on oral hygiene and those who presented with OM (grade ≥1) received photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). RESULTS: Age ranged from 0 to 17 years (mean/SD, 8.58 ± 5.05) and fifty-one patients (45.54%) were females. The most common baseline diseases were leukemia (51%) followed by sarcomas (23%) and lymphomas (18%). Eight hundred and twenty-nine cycles of chemotherapy were evaluated, and OM was diagnosed in 527 cycles (63.57%). Higher incidence and severity of OM was observed in protocols using high-dose methotrexate (MTX-HD), MTX-HD cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin combination, and MTX-HD combined with cyclophosphamide (p <0.001). Patients with severe OM had lower levels of leukocytes (p = 0.003), hemoglobin (p = 0.005), platelets (p = 0.034), and higher levels of total bilirubin (p = 0.027), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.001), and creatinine (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the elucidation of the risk factors for OM in pediatric cancer patients. Chemotherapy protocols using MTX-HD, MTX-HD associated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, and MTX-HD and cyclophosphamide a have higher incidence of severe grades of OM. Other toxicities such as hematological, hepatic, and renal also developed in patients with OM.
PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence and risk factors for oral mucositis (OM) in patients with childhood cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Eight hundred and twenty-nine cycles of chemotherapy were evaluated in 112 patients with childhood cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Chemotherapy protocol, hematological, hepatic, and renal function parameters were collected and compared to presence and severity of OM, as graded by the World Health Organization (WHO) scale. Patients received counseling on oral hygiene and those who presented with OM (grade ≥1) received photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). RESULTS: Age ranged from 0 to 17 years (mean/SD, 8.58 ± 5.05) and fifty-one patients (45.54%) were females. The most common baseline diseases were leukemia (51%) followed by sarcomas (23%) and lymphomas (18%). Eight hundred and twenty-nine cycles of chemotherapy were evaluated, and OM was diagnosed in 527 cycles (63.57%). Higher incidence and severity of OM was observed in protocols using high-dose methotrexate (MTX-HD), MTX-HDcyclophosphamide/doxorubicin combination, and MTX-HD combined with cyclophosphamide (p <0.001). Patients with severe OM had lower levels of leukocytes (p = 0.003), hemoglobin (p = 0.005), platelets (p = 0.034), and higher levels of total bilirubin (p = 0.027), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.001), and creatinine (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: The study contributes to the elucidation of the risk factors for OM in pediatric cancerpatients. Chemotherapy protocols using MTX-HD, MTX-HD associated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, and MTX-HD and cyclophosphamide a have higher incidence of severe grades of OM. Other toxicities such as hematological, hepatic, and renal also developed in patients with OM.
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