| Literature DB >> 31168167 |
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The following article constitutes an effort to make explicit an experience in neonatology within the framework of the exercise of occupational therapy, a discipline belonging to the health sciences. The occupational therapist (OT) in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in which he participates in an interdisciplinary health group. Exalts the interaction of person-environment-occupation-performance. Encourage self-regulation of the baby. Encourages family participation in co-participation in routine activities.Entities:
Keywords: Occupational therapy; child development; extremely premature.; family; infant; neonatal intensive care; premature
Mesh:
Year: 2019 PMID: 31168167 PMCID: PMC6536043 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i1.2600
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Newborn conduct in the NICU
| Newborn conduct in the NICU | |
|---|---|
| Motor | Measures muscular tone, movement, activity, and posture |
| Autonomous | Measures skin color, cardiac frequency, and respiratory pattern |
| States of consciousness | Categorizes the level of the central nervous system as far as awareness, sleep, awakening, cry, demonstrating the strength and modulation of his/her states and patterns of transition between each of them. |
| Attention interaction | Capacity to interact with the environment. |
| Self-regulation | Measures efforts to get balance using other subsystems. |
Source: Vergara et al ).
Analogy relating the Occupational Therapy with the theory of Synactiva
| Infant’s activities | Activities with sensory visual components: audio, oral, tactile, proprioceptive, vestibular. Daily activities of feeding, sleep, and rest |
| Infant’s factors | Self-regulation |
| Tone, strength, resistance, posture control, oral control | |
| State of awareness, modulation, transition of states | |
| Visual, auditive, and developmental skills | |
| Contextual factors | Physical context |
| Social context - Cultural (caregiver). sensibility, compromise, willingness, number | |
| Temporal context: rhythm, routine, medical needs |
Source: Als
Inter-related factors in the occupational performance of the newborn
| DCC (development centered care) | Immediate surroundings |
| Moment, sequence, and adaptation during care | |
| Support for self-regulation during rest | |
| Support for self-regulation during care | |
| Appropriate sensory experiences according to development | |
| FCC (family centered care) | Unit environment |
| Communication | |
| Participation in care | |
| Neurodevelopment | Provides sensory-motor experiences |
| Promotes the development of normal movements | |
| Development of postural patterns |
Source: Vergara et al
The techniques: reduction of environmental stimulation. Sensory unimodal stimulation
| Reactions to assistance/interaction | |
|---|---|
| Facing signs of stress, suspend intervention. One sensory stimulation at a time. Soft lights | Keeping intervention when facing signs of stress. Interaction under inadequate conditions. More than 1 sensory stimuli at a time. |
| Keep the infant covered or dressed. Visual stimuli at 30-40 cm from sight. Eliminate unnecessary stimuli. Facilitate hand-mouth or pacifier activity. Posture in flexion. Give support and stability. Intervention RN in awareness. | |
Source: Sardá ).
Comportamiento del neonato en la UCIN.
| Comportamiento del neonato en la UCIN | |
|---|---|
| Motor | Valora el tono muscular, movimiento, actividad y postura |
| Autonómico | Valora el color de la piel, la frecuencia cardiaca y el patrón respiratorio. |
| Estados de conciencia | Categoriza el nivel del sistema nervioso central en cuanto a vigilia-sueño-despertar-llanto, demostrando la robustez y modulación de sus estados y patrones de transición de uno a otro. |
| Atención-interacción | Capacidad para interactuar con el medio. |
| Autorregulación | Valora los esfuerzos para conseguir el balance con los otros subsistemas |
Fuente: Vergara et al).
Relaciones análogas de la terapia ocupacional con la teoría Synactiva.
| Ocupación del bebé | Actividades con componente Sensorial Visual. Auditivo, Oral, Tactil, Propiocetivo, Vestibular. Actividades cotidianas de alimentación, sueño, descanso |
| Factores del bebé | Autorregulación |
| Tono, fuerza , resistencia, control postural, control oral | |
| Estado de alerta, modulación, transición de estados | |
| Destrezas visuales, auditivas, de desarrollo | |
| Factores contextuales | Contexto físico |
| Contexto social - Cultural (cuidador). Sensibilidad, Compromiso, Disposición, Numero | |
| Contexto Temporal: Ritmo, Rutina, Necesidades médicas |
Fuente: Als
Factores interrelacionados en el desempeño ocupacional del neonato.
| CCD | Ambiente inmediato |
| Momento, secuencia y adaptación en el cuidado | |
| Ayudas para autorregulación en reposos | |
| Ayudas para autorregulación en cuidado | |
| Experiencias sensoriales apropiadas de acuerdo al desarrollo | |
| CCF | Ambiente de la unidad |
| Comunicación | |
| Participación en el cuidado | |
| Neurodesarrollo | Proporciona experiencias sensorio-motoras |
| Promueve el desarrollo de movimiento normal | |
| Desarrollo de patrones posturales |
Fuente Vergara et al
Las técnicas: Disminución de la estimulación ambiental. Estimulación sensorial unimodal
| Reacciones de atención/interacción | |
|---|---|
| Frente a signos de estrés, suspender intervención. Un estímulo sensorial por vez. Luz tenue. | Mantener intervención ante signos de estrés. Interacción en condiciones inadecuadas. Más de 1 estímulo sensorial simultáneo. |
| Mantenerlo cubierto, envuelto o vestido. Estímulo visual a 30-40 cm. de la vista. Eliminar estímulos innecesarios. Facilitar actividad mano-boca o chupete. Postura en flexión. Dar sostén y estabilidad. Intervención RN en alerta. | |
Fuente: Sardá ).