Akira Yasumura1, Mikimasa Omori2, Ayako Fukuda3, Junichi Takahashi4, Yukiko Yasumura5, Eiji Nakagawa6, Toshihide Koike7, Yushiro Yamashita8, Tasuku Miyajima9, Tatsuya Koeda10, Masao Aihara11, Masumi Inagaki3. 1. Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, Kumamoto University, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan. Electronic address: yasumura@kumamoto-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, Kumamoto University, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Showa Women's University, Tokyo, Japan. 3. Department of Developmental Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, Kumamoto University, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan. 4. Department of Human Development, Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan. 5. Department of Children, Saitama Junshin Junior College, Hanyu, Japan. 6. Department of Child Neurology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan. 7. Special-Support Science, Faculty of Education, Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan. 8. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan. 9. Department of Education for Childcare, Tokyo Kasei University, Saitama, Japan. 10. Faculty of Regional Sciences, Child Development and Learning Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan. 11. Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Graduate School, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The neural correlates of executive function disorders are thought to be predominantly localized within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, no study to date has investigated changes in this system across different age groups in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, this study aimed to explore changes in PFC function in children with ADHD. METHODS: Study participants included typically developing (TD) children (n = 140) and children with ADHD (n = 67) of primary school age. Behavioral executive functions and their neural basis were evaluated between the TD children and children with ADHD and also across different age periods (younger and older children). To examine executive function, inhibitory control was assessed using the reverse Stroop task, and PFC near-infrared spectroscopic measurements were used to investigate the neural mechanisms involved. RESULTS: Both ADHD symptoms and the ability to inhibit color interference improved with age. Compared to TD children, children with ADHD demonstrated decreased activation of the right and middle PFC across all age groups. Interestingly, the left PFC appeared to play a compensatory role. CONCLUSION: Children with ADHD exhibited changes in PFC function that varied with age. Longitudinal studies are required to assess the potential of using PFC function as an early biomarker of ADHD.
BACKGROUND: The neural correlates of executive function disorders are thought to be predominantly localized within the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, no study to date has investigated changes in this system across different age groups in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Thus, this study aimed to explore changes in PFC function in children with ADHD. METHODS: Study participants included typically developing (TD) children (n = 140) and children with ADHD (n = 67) of primary school age. Behavioral executive functions and their neural basis were evaluated between the TD children and children with ADHD and also across different age periods (younger and older children). To examine executive function, inhibitory control was assessed using the reverse Stroop task, and PFC near-infrared spectroscopic measurements were used to investigate the neural mechanisms involved. RESULTS: Both ADHD symptoms and the ability to inhibit color interference improved with age. Compared to TD children, children with ADHD demonstrated decreased activation of the right and middle PFC across all age groups. Interestingly, the left PFC appeared to play a compensatory role. CONCLUSION:Children with ADHD exhibited changes in PFC function that varied with age. Longitudinal studies are required to assess the potential of using PFC function as an early biomarker of ADHD.
Authors: Jiayang Chen; Mary E Lambo; Xia Ge; Joshua T Dearborn; Yating Liu; Katherine B McCullough; Raylynn G Swift; Dora R Tabachnick; Lucy Tian; Kevin Noguchi; Joel R Garbow; John N Constantino; Harrison W Gabel; Keith B Hengen; Susan E Maloney; Joseph D Dougherty Journal: Neuron Date: 2021-10-05 Impact factor: 17.173
Authors: Ignasi Navarro-Soria; Rocío Juárez-Ruiz de Mier; José Manuel García-Fernández; Carlota González-Gómez; Marta Real-Fernández; Marta Sánchez-Múñoz de León; Rocío Lavigne-Cervan Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2020-12-07