Christie L Burton1, Leah Wright1, Janet Shan1, Bowei Xiao2, Annie Dupuis3,4, Tara Goodale1, S-M Shaheen5,6, Elizabeth C Corfield1,7, Paul D Arnold2,5,6, Russell J Schachar1,7,8, Jennifer Crosbie1,7. 1. Neurosciences and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 2. Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3. Clinical Research Services, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 4. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 5. Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 6. Departments of Psychiatry & Medical Genetics, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. 7. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. 8. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Population-based samples with valid, quantitative and genetically informative trait measures of psychopathology could be a powerful complement to case/control genetic designs. We report the convergent and predictive validity of the parent- and self-report versions of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale (SWAN). We tested if SWAN scores were associated with ADHD diagnosis, ADHD polygenic risk, as well as traits and polygenic risk for disorders that co-occur with ADHD: anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: We collected parent- and self-report SWAN scores in a sample of 15,560 children and adolescents (6-17 years) recruited at a science museum (Spit for Science sample). We established age and sex norms for the SWAN. Sensitivity-specificity analyses determined SWAN cut-points that discriminated those with and without a reported ADHD diagnosis. These cut-points were validated in a clinic sample (266 ADHD cases; 36 controls). Convergent validity was established using the Conners' parent- and self-report scales. Using Spit for Science participants with genome-wide data (n = 5,154), we tested if low, medium and high SWAN scores were associated with polygenic risk for ADHD, OCD and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Parent- and self-report SWAN scores showed high convergent validity with Conners' scales and distinguished ADHD participants with high sensitivity and specificity in the Spit for Science sample. In a clinic sample, the Spit for Science cut-points discriminated ADHD cases from controls with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 92%. High SWAN scores and scores above the Spit for Science cut-points were significantly associated with polygenic risk for ADHD. SWAN scores were not associated with polygenic risk for OCD or anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the validity of the parent- and self-report SWAN scales and their potential in ADHD population-based genetic research.
BACKGROUND: Population-based samples with valid, quantitative and genetically informative trait measures of psychopathology could be a powerful complement to case/control genetic designs. We report the convergent and predictive validity of the parent- and self-report versions of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale (SWAN). We tested if SWAN scores were associated with ADHD diagnosis, ADHD polygenic risk, as well as traits and polygenic risk for disorders that co-occur with ADHD: anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: We collected parent- and self-report SWAN scores in a sample of 15,560 children and adolescents (6-17 years) recruited at a science museum (Spit for Science sample). We established age and sex norms for the SWAN. Sensitivity-specificity analyses determined SWAN cut-points that discriminated those with and without a reported ADHD diagnosis. These cut-points were validated in a clinic sample (266 ADHD cases; 36 controls). Convergent validity was established using the Conners' parent- and self-report scales. Using Spit for Science participants with genome-wide data (n = 5,154), we tested if low, medium and high SWAN scores were associated with polygenic risk for ADHD, OCD and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Parent- and self-report SWAN scores showed high convergent validity with Conners' scales and distinguished ADHDparticipants with high sensitivity and specificity in the Spit for Science sample. In a clinic sample, the Spit for Science cut-points discriminated ADHD cases from controls with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 92%. High SWAN scores and scores above the Spit for Science cut-points were significantly associated with polygenic risk for ADHD. SWAN scores were not associated with polygenic risk for OCD or anxiety disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports the validity of the parent- and self-report SWAN scales and their potential in ADHD population-based genetic research.
Authors: Russell J Schachar; Annie Dupuis; Paul D Arnold; Evdokia Anagnostou; Elizabeth Kelley; Stelios Georgiades; Robert Nicolson; Parker Townes; Christie L Burton; Jennifer Crosbie Journal: Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Date: 2022-08-25
Authors: Aurina Arnatkeviciute; Mark A Bellgrove; Mia Moses; Jeggan Tiego; Ditte Demontis; G Bragi Walters; Hreinn Stefansson; Kari Stefansson; Anders D Børglum Journal: Mol Psychiatry Date: 2022-09-23 Impact factor: 13.437
Authors: Avideh Gharehgazlou; Marlee Vandewouw; Justine Ziolkowski; Jimmy Wong; Jennifer Crosbie; Russell Schachar; Rob Nicolson; Stelios Georgiades; Elizabeth Kelley; Muhammad Ayub; Christopher Hammill; Stephanie H Ameis; Margot J Taylor; Jason P Lerch; Evdokia Anagnostou Journal: Cereb Cortex Date: 2022-05-30 Impact factor: 4.861
Authors: Janita Bralten; Joanna Widomska; Barbara Franke; Geert Poelmans; Ward De Witte; Dongmei Yu; Carol A Mathews; Jeremiah M Scharf; Jan Buitelaar; Jennifer Crosbie; Russell Schachar; Paul Arnold; Mathieu Lemire; Christie L Burton Journal: Transl Psychiatry Date: 2020-04-27 Impact factor: 6.222
Authors: Lescia K Tremblay; Christopher Hammill; Stephanie H Ameis; Mehereen Bhaijiwala; Donald J Mabbott; Evdokia Anagnostou; Jason P Lerch; Russell J Schachar Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2020-11-19 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Sarah J Goodman; Christie L Burton; Darci T Butcher; Michelle T Siu; Mathieu Lemire; Eric Chater-Diehl; Andrei L Turinsky; Michael Brudno; Noam Soreni; David Rosenberg; Kate D Fitzgerald; Gregory L Hanna; Evdokia Anagnostou; Paul D Arnold; Jennifer Crosbie; Russell Schachar; Rosanna Weksberg Journal: J Neurodev Disord Date: 2020-08-16 Impact factor: 4.025