Ferdinando Carlo Sasso1, Pia Clara Pafundi2, Aldo Gelso3, Valeria Bono4, Ciro Costagliola5, Raffaele Marfella6, Celestino Sardu7, Luca Rinaldi8, Raffaele Galiero9, Carlo Acierno10, Chiara de Sio11, Alfredo Caturano12, Teresa Salvatore13, Luigi Elio Adinolfi14. 1. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: ferdinandocarlo.sasso@unicampania.it. 2. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: piaclara.pafundi@unicampania.it. 3. "Villa dei Fiori" Hospital, Corso Italia, 157, 80011 Acerra (Naples), Italy. Electronic address: aldogelso@icloud.com. 4. IRCCS Fondazione G. B. Bietti, Via Livenza, 3, 00198 Rome, Italy. Electronic address: bono.valeria@libero.it. 5. University of Molise, Department of Medicine & Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", Via F. De Sanctis, 1, 86100 Campobasso, Italy. Electronic address: ciro.costagliola@unimol.it. 6. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: raffaele.marfella@unicampania.it. 7. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: celestino.sardu@unicampania.it. 8. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: luca.rinaldi@unicampania.it. 9. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: raffaele_ga@outlook.it. 10. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: carlo894@gmail.com. 11. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: desiochi@gmail.com. 12. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: alfredo.caturano@virgilio.it. 13. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: teresa.salvatore@unicampania.it. 14. University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: luigielio.adinolfi@unicampania.it.
Abstract
AIMS: To assess the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and potential risk factors, as well as the relationship between DR and the other complications of diabetes, in a real-life population of type 2 diabetes patients recruited in several centres in Italy. METHODS: The NO BLIND is a cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study, which involved nine public outpatient clinics in Italy. The patients were assessed for eligibility from November 2016 till November 2017. Those enrolled underwent standard fundus oculi exam. Clinical and laboratory data were also collected. RESULTS: 2068 T2DM underwent fundus oculi exam. 435 received diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (21%). Diabetic retinopathy was independently associated with HDL cholesterol (O.R.: 1.042; 95% C.I.: 1.012-1.109; p = 0.004), Albumin Excretion Rate (AER) (O.R.: 1.001; 95% C.I.: 1.000-1.002; p = 0.034) and GFR (O.R.: 1.159; 95% C.I.: 1.039-1.294; p = 0.008). HDL cholesterol values were hence split in two classes according to a potential cut-off (40 mg/dL), as defined by the ROC curve. Following analysis confirmed the association between DR and high HDL values (p = 0.032). Somatic neuropathy and diabetic ulcer were independently related with DR (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A novel relationship between high HDL cholesterol and DR was observed.
AIMS: To assess the correlation between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and potential risk factors, as well as the relationship between DR and the other complications of diabetes, in a real-life population of type 2 diabetespatients recruited in several centres in Italy. METHODS: The NO BLIND is a cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study, which involved nine public outpatient clinics in Italy. The patients were assessed for eligibility from November 2016 till November 2017. Those enrolled underwent standard fundus oculi exam. Clinical and laboratory data were also collected. RESULTS: 2068 T2DM underwent fundus oculi exam. 435 received diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy (21%). Diabetic retinopathy was independently associated with HDL cholesterol (O.R.: 1.042; 95% C.I.: 1.012-1.109; p = 0.004), Albumin Excretion Rate (AER) (O.R.: 1.001; 95% C.I.: 1.000-1.002; p = 0.034) and GFR (O.R.: 1.159; 95% C.I.: 1.039-1.294; p = 0.008). HDL cholesterol values were hence split in two classes according to a potential cut-off (40 mg/dL), as defined by the ROC curve. Following analysis confirmed the association between DR and high HDL values (p = 0.032). Somatic neuropathy and diabetic ulcer were independently related with DR (p < 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A novel relationship between high HDL cholesterol and DR was observed.
Authors: Mukharram M Bikbov; Timur R Gilmanshin; Rinat M Zainullin; Gyulli M Kazakbaeva; Ildar F Nuriyev; Artur F Zaynetdinov; Songhomitrra Panda-Jonas; Guzel M Bikbova; Ellina M Rakhimova; Iulia A Rusakova; Timur A Khalimov; Kamila R Safiullina; Albina A Fakhretdinova; Azaliia M Tuliakova; Ainur V Gizzatov; Jost B Jonas Journal: Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes Date: 2021-12-03 Impact factor: 3.168