Mirko De Rosso1, Christine M Mayr2, Giordano Girardi1, Antonio Dalla Vedova1, Riccardo Flamini3. 1. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy. 2. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNE), University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy. 3. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics - Viticulture & Enology (CREA-VE), Viale XXVIII aprile 26, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy. riccardo.flamini@crea.gov.it.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Grape varieties allowed to produce Amarone della Valpolicella and Recioto DOCG wines are strictly regulated by their disciplinary of production. These are Corvina Veronese and Corvinone grapes, to a lesser extent also Rondinella can be used. The use of other varieties, is not allowed. OBJECTIVES: To identify chemical markers suitable to reveal addition of two not allowed grape varieties to the Corvina/Corvinone blend, such as Primitivo or Negro Amaro. METHODS: The identification of the secondary metabolites of the four grape varieties was conducted by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) metabolomics. By using the signals of these metabolites the indexes able to identify the presence of Primitivo or Negro Amaro grapes in the Corvina/Corvinone 1:1 blend were calculated. RESULTS: Indexes of laricitrin (Lr), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt) signals were effective to identify the use of 10% Primitivo, while α-terpineol pentosyl-hexoside and linalool pentosyl-hexoside reveal the presence of Negro Amaro in the grape blend. CONCLUSIONS: Varietal markers useful to detect the presence of Primitivo and Negro Amaro in the grape blend were identified by HRMS metabolomics, a method suitable to check the identity of grapes on arrival at the winery, as well as the fermenting musts. The effectiveness of the identified markers in the final wines have to be confirmed. Potentially, a similar approach can be used to reveal analogous frauds performed on other high-quality wines.
INTRODUCTION: Grape varieties allowed to produce Amarone della Valpolicella and Recioto DOCG wines are strictly regulated by their disciplinary of production. These are Corvina Veronese and Corvinone grapes, to a lesser extent also Rondinella can be used. The use of other varieties, is not allowed. OBJECTIVES: To identify chemical markers suitable to reveal addition of two not allowed grape varieties to the Corvina/Corvinone blend, such as Primitivo or Negro Amaro. METHODS: The identification of the secondary metabolites of the four grape varieties was conducted by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) metabolomics. By using the signals of these metabolites the indexes able to identify the presence of Primitivo or Negro Amaro grapes in the Corvina/Corvinone 1:1 blend were calculated. RESULTS: Indexes of laricitrin (Lr), delphinidin (Dp), and petunidin (Pt) signals were effective to identify the use of 10% Primitivo, while α-terpineol pentosyl-hexoside and linalool pentosyl-hexoside reveal the presence of Negro Amaro in the grape blend. CONCLUSIONS: Varietal markers useful to detect the presence of Primitivo and Negro Amaro in the grape blend were identified by HRMS metabolomics, a method suitable to check the identity of grapes on arrival at the winery, as well as the fermenting musts. The effectiveness of the identified markers in the final wines have to be confirmed. Potentially, a similar approach can be used to reveal analogous frauds performed on other high-quality wines.
Authors: Riccardo Flamini; Mirko De Rosso; Annarita Panighel; Antonio Dalla Vedova; Fabiola De Marchi; Luigi Bavaresco Journal: J Mass Spectrom Date: 2014-12 Impact factor: 1.982
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Authors: Jianguo Xia; Rupasri Mandal; Igor V Sinelnikov; David Broadhurst; David S Wishart Journal: Nucleic Acids Res Date: 2012-05-02 Impact factor: 16.971