Xiaoxiao Wen1, Long Zhou1, Jeremiah Stamler2, Queenie Chan3, Linda Van Horn2, Martha L Daviglus4, Alan R Dyer2, Paul Elliott3, Hirotsugu Ueshima5, Katsuyuki Miura5, Nagako Okuda6, Yangfeng Wu7, Liancheng Zhao1. 1. Division of Prevention and Community Health, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. 2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 3. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK. 4. Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA. 5. Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan. 6. Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan. 7. Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to compare 24-h dietary recalls with 24-h urine collections for the estimation of sodium intake at both population and individual levels in China, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA), using data from the International Study of Macro- and Micro-nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). METHODS: Mean differences between 24-h dietary recalls and 24-h urine collections were calculated for their agreement in estimating sodium intake at the population level; relative and absolute differences as well as misclassification of salt intake groups (salt intake <6, 6-8.9, 9-11.9, 12-14.9, and ≥15 g/day) were used to determine the agreement at the individual level. RESULTS: The mean differences (95% CI) between dietary recalls and urine collections for China, Japan, UK, and USA were -54.0 (-59.8, -48.3), 3.9 (0.6, 7.2), 2.9 (-1.8, 7.6), and -3.5 (-5.8, -1.1) mmol/day, respectively. The proportions of individual relative differences beyond ±40% were 34.3% for China, 16.9% for Japan, 24.2% for UK, and 21.3% for USA; the proportions of individual absolute differences greater than 51.3 mmol/day (3 g salt) were 58.6% for China, 32.8% for Japan, 25.4% for UK, and 31.9% for USA. The rate for misclassification of salt intake groups at individual level for China, Japan, UK, and USA were 71.4, 60.9, 58.7, and 60.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 24-h dietary recalls demonstrate greater agreement with the 24-h urine collections in estimating population sodium intake for Japan, UK, and USA, compared with China. The 24-h dietary recall has poor performance in assessing individual sodium intake in these four countries.
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to compare 24-h dietary recalls with 24-h urine collections for the estimation of sodium intake at both population and individual levels in China, Japan, the United Kingdom (UK), and the United States of America (USA), using data from the International Study of Macro- and Micro-nutrients and Blood Pressure (INTERMAP). METHODS: Mean differences between 24-h dietary recalls and 24-h urine collections were calculated for their agreement in estimating sodium intake at the population level; relative and absolute differences as well as misclassification of salt intake groups (salt intake <6, 6-8.9, 9-11.9, 12-14.9, and ≥15 g/day) were used to determine the agreement at the individual level. RESULTS: The mean differences (95% CI) between dietary recalls and urine collections for China, Japan, UK, and USA were -54.0 (-59.8, -48.3), 3.9 (0.6, 7.2), 2.9 (-1.8, 7.6), and -3.5 (-5.8, -1.1) mmol/day, respectively. The proportions of individual relative differences beyond ±40% were 34.3% for China, 16.9% for Japan, 24.2% for UK, and 21.3% for USA; the proportions of individual absolute differences greater than 51.3 mmol/day (3 g salt) were 58.6% for China, 32.8% for Japan, 25.4% for UK, and 31.9% for USA. The rate for misclassification of salt intake groups at individual level for China, Japan, UK, and USA were 71.4, 60.9, 58.7, and 60.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The 24-h dietary recalls demonstrate greater agreement with the 24-h urine collections in estimating population sodium intake for Japan, UK, and USA, compared with China. The 24-h dietary recall has poor performance in assessing individual sodium intake in these four countries.
Authors: Cheryl A M Anderson; Lawrence J Appel; Nagako Okuda; Ian J Brown; Queenie Chan; Liancheng Zhao; Hirotsugu Ueshima; Hugo Kesteloot; Katsuyuki Miura; J David Curb; Katsushi Yoshita; Paul Elliott; Monica E Yamamoto; Jeremiah Stamler Journal: J Am Diet Assoc Date: 2010-05
Authors: M A Espeland; S Kumanyika; A C Wilson; D M Reboussin; L Easter; M Self; J Robertson; W M Brown; M McFarlane Journal: Am J Epidemiol Date: 2001-05-15 Impact factor: 4.897
Authors: B Dennis; J Stamler; M Buzzard; R Conway; P Elliott; A Moag-Stahlberg; A Okayama; N Okuda; C Robertson; F Robinson; S Schakel; M Stevens; N Van Heel; L Zhao; B F Zhou Journal: J Hum Hypertens Date: 2003-09 Impact factor: 3.012
Authors: Donna G Rhodes; Theophile Murayi; John C Clemens; David J Baer; Rhonda S Sebastian; Alanna J Moshfegh Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2013-04-03 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Long Zhou; Jeremiah Stamler; Queenie Chan; Linda Van Horn; Martha L Daviglus; Alan R Dyer; Katsuyuki Miura; Nagako Okuda; Yangfeng Wu; Hirotsugu Ueshima; Paul Elliott; Liancheng Zhao Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2019-07-01 Impact factor: 7.045