Simone Ohlwein1, Ron Kappeler2, Meltem Kutlar Joss2, Nino Künzli2, Barbara Hoffmann3. 1. Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany. simone.ohlwein@uni-duesseldorf.de. 2. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland and University of Basel, Socinstrasse 57, 4051, Basel, Switzerland. 3. Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Center for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Postfach 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Due to their small size, ultrafine particles (UFP) are believed to exert higher toxicity than larger particles. As numerous studies on health effects of UFP have been published since the last systematic review in 2013, we aim to systematically review the new literature. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and the specialized LUDOK database for studies published between 01.01.2011 and 11.05.2017 investigating health effects of ambient air pollution-related UFP. We included epidemiologic studies containing UFP measures and quantifiable measures of associations. Relevant data were extracted on the basis of previously developed evaluation criteria. RESULTS: We identified 85 original studies, conducting short-term (n = 75) and long-term (n = 10) investigations. Panel (n = 32), scripted exposure with predefined settings (n = 16) or time series studies (n = 11) were most frequent. Thirty-four studies adjusted for at least one other pollutant. Most consistent associations were identified for short-term effects on pulmonary/systemic inflammation, heart rate variability and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests adverse short-term associations with inflammatory and cardiovascular changes, which may be at least partly independent of other pollutants. For the other studied health outcomes, the evidence on independent health effects of UFP remains inconclusive or insufficient.
OBJECTIVES: Due to their small size, ultrafine particles (UFP) are believed to exert higher toxicity than larger particles. As numerous studies on health effects of UFP have been published since the last systematic review in 2013, we aim to systematically review the new literature. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE and the specialized LUDOK database for studies published between 01.01.2011 and 11.05.2017 investigating health effects of ambient air pollution-related UFP. We included epidemiologic studies containing UFP measures and quantifiable measures of associations. Relevant data were extracted on the basis of previously developed evaluation criteria. RESULTS: We identified 85 original studies, conducting short-term (n = 75) and long-term (n = 10) investigations. Panel (n = 32), scripted exposure with predefined settings (n = 16) or time series studies (n = 11) were most frequent. Thirty-four studies adjusted for at least one other pollutant. Most consistent associations were identified for short-term effects on pulmonary/systemic inflammation, heart rate variability and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence suggests adverse short-term associations with inflammatory and cardiovascular changes, which may be at least partly independent of other pollutants. For the other studied health outcomes, the evidence on independent health effects of UFP remains inconclusive or insufficient.
Entities:
Keywords:
Air pollution; Epidemiology; Health effects; Particulate matter; Ultrafine particles
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