Elizabeth L Whitlock1, L Grisell Diaz-Ramirez2, Alexander K Smith2, W John Boscardin3, Michael S Avidan4, M Maria Glymour5. 1. Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Electronic address: elizabeth.whitlock@ucsf.edu. 2. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 3. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California. 4. Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri. 5. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite concern that cardiac surgery may adversely affect cognition, little evidence is available from population-based studies using presurgery data. With the use of the Health and Retirement Study, we compared memory change after participant-reported cardiac catheterization or cardiac surgery. METHODS: Participants were community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older who self-reported cardiac catheterization or "heart surgery" at any biennial Health and Retirement Study interview between 2000 and 2014. Participants may have undergone the index procedure any time in the preceding 2 years. We modeled preprocedure to postprocedure change in composite memory score, derived from objective memory testing, using linear mixed effects models. We modeled postprocedure subjective memory decline with logistic regression. To quantify clinical relevance, we used the predicted memory change to estimate impact on ability to manage medications and finances independently. RESULTS: Of 3,105 participants, 1,921 (62%) underwent catheterization and 1,184 (38%) underwent operation. In adjusted analyses, surgery participants had little difference in preprocedure to postprocedure memory change compared with participants undergoing cardiac catheterization (-0.021 memory units; 95% confidence interval: -0.046 to 0.005 memory units, p = 0.12). If the relationship were causal, the point estimate for memory decline would confer an absolute 0.26% or 0.19% decrease in ability to manage finances or medications, respectively, corresponding to 4.6 additional months of cognitive aging. Cardiac surgery was not associated with subjective memory decline (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 1.18). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, population-based cohort, memory declines after heart surgery and cardiac catheterization were similar. These findings suggest intermediate-term population-level adverse cognitive effects of cardiac surgery, if any, are likely subtle.
BACKGROUND: Despite concern that cardiac surgery may adversely affect cognition, little evidence is available from population-based studies using presurgery data. With the use of the Health and Retirement Study, we compared memory change after participant-reported cardiac catheterization or cardiac surgery. METHODS:Participants were community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older who self-reported cardiac catheterization or "heart surgery" at any biennial Health and Retirement Study interview between 2000 and 2014. Participants may have undergone the index procedure any time in the preceding 2 years. We modeled preprocedure to postprocedure change in composite memory score, derived from objective memory testing, using linear mixed effects models. We modeled postprocedure subjective memory decline with logistic regression. To quantify clinical relevance, we used the predicted memory change to estimate impact on ability to manage medications and finances independently. RESULTS: Of 3,105 participants, 1,921 (62%) underwent catheterization and 1,184 (38%) underwent operation. In adjusted analyses, surgery participants had little difference in preprocedure to postprocedure memory change compared with participants undergoing cardiac catheterization (-0.021 memory units; 95% confidence interval: -0.046 to 0.005 memory units, p = 0.12). If the relationship were causal, the point estimate for memory decline would confer an absolute 0.26% or 0.19% decrease in ability to manage finances or medications, respectively, corresponding to 4.6 additional months of cognitive aging. Cardiac surgery was not associated with subjective memory decline (adjusted odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval: 0.74 to 1.18). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, population-based cohort, memory declines after heart surgery and cardiac catheterization were similar. These findings suggest intermediate-term population-level adverse cognitive effects of cardiac surgery, if any, are likely subtle.
Authors: Anne-Mette C Sauër; Hendrik M Nathoe; Jeroen Hendrikse; Linda M Peelen; Jakub Regieli; Dieuwke S Veldhuijzen; Cor J Kalkman; Diederick E Grobbee; Pieter A Doevendans; Diederik van Dijk Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2013-07-16 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Ola A Selnes; Maura A Grega; Maryanne M Bailey; Luu D Pham; Scott L Zeger; William A Baumgartner; Guy M McKhann Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2009-08 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: M A Hlatky; C Bacon; D Boothroyd; E Mahanna; J G Reves; M F Newman; I Johnstone; C Winston; M M Brooks; A D Rosen; D B Mark; B Pitt; W Rogers; T Ryan; R Wiens; J A Blumenthal Journal: Circulation Date: 1997-11-04 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Peter Währborg; Jean E Booth; Tim Clayton; Fiona Nugara; John Pepper; William S Weintraub; Ulrich Sigwart; Rod H Stables Journal: Circulation Date: 2004-11-22 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Zugui Zhang; Paul Kolm; Maria V Grau-Sepulveda; Angelo Ponirakis; Sean M O'Brien; Lloyd W Klein; Richard E Shaw; Charles McKay; David M Shahian; Frederick L Grover; John E Mayer; Kirk N Garratt; Mark Hlatky; Fred H Edwards; William S Weintraub Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 2015-01-06 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: Jerry J Sweet; Eileen Finnin; Penny L Wolfe; Jennifer L Beaumont; Elizabeth Hahn; Jesse Marymont; Timothy Sanborn; Todd K Rosengart Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2008-05 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Guy M McKhann; Ola A Selnes; Maura A Grega; Maryanne M Bailey; Luu D Pham; William A Baumgartner; Scott L Zeger Journal: Ann Thorac Surg Date: 2009-01 Impact factor: 4.330
Authors: Shana D Stites; Jason Karlawish; Kristin Harkins; Jonathan D Rubright; David Wolk Journal: J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci Date: 2017-10-01 Impact factor: 4.077
Authors: Elizabeth L Whitlock; L Grisell Diaz-Ramirez; Alexander K Smith; W John Boscardin; Kenneth E Covinsky; Michael S Avidan; M Maria Glymour Journal: JAMA Date: 2021-05-18 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Tyler Ballweg; Marissa White; Margaret Parker; Cameron Casey; Amber Bo; Zahra Farahbakhsh; Austin Kayser; Alexander Blair; Heidi Lindroth; Robert A Pearce; Kaj Blennow; Henrik Zetterberg; Richard Lennertz; Robert D Sanders Journal: Br J Anaesth Date: 2020-11-20 Impact factor: 9.166
Authors: Juraj Sprung; David S Knopman; Ronald C Petersen; Michelle M Mielke; Toby N Weingarten; Maria Vassilaki; David P Martin; Phillip J Schulte; Andrew C Hanson; Darrell R Schroeder; Mariana L Laporta; Robert J White; Prashanthi Vemuri; David O Warner Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2020-10-31 Impact factor: 7.538