Intravascular findings of fibromuscular dysplasia on optical coherence tomography.

We present the case of a 29-year-old woman with right renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) who underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Using OCT, we could clearly observe intimal fibroplasia and medial hyperplasia that was indicative of FMD. Based on diagnosis of FMD by OCT, this patient was treated with plain old balloon angioplasty that resulted in adequate luminal opening without intimal dissection confirmed on final angiography and OCT. <Learning objective: Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is most often diagnosed based on its characteristic appearance on angiography but it is insufficient. Although pathological examination is needed for definite diagnosis, it is not realistic. Therefore, it is important to assess the detailed intravascular findings of culprit and non-culprit lesions in FMD with optical coherence tomography.>.