Katherine M Steele1, Meghan E Munger2, Keshia M Peters3, Benjamin R Shuman4, Michael H Schwartz5. 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States. Electronic address: kmsteele@uw.edu. 2. Center for Gait & Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, United States. 3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States. 4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Institute for Neuroengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States. 5. Center for Gait & Motion Analysis, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, United States; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Clinical gait analysis is commonly used in the evaluation and treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). While the repeatability of kinematic and kinetic measures of gait has previously been evaluated, the repeatability of electromyography (EMG) recordings or measures calculated from EMG data, such as muscle synergies, remains unclear for this population. RESEARCH QUESTION: Are EMG recordings and muscle synergies from clinical gait analysis repeatable between visits for children with CP? METHODS: We recruited 20 children with bilateral CP who had been referred for clinical gait analysis. The children completed two visits less than six weeks apart with EMG data collected bilaterally from five muscles (rectus femoris, medial hamstrings, vastus lateralis, anterior tibialis, and medial gastrocnemius). Variance ratio and cosine similarity were used to evaluate repeatability of EMG waveforms between visits. Nonnegative matrix factorization was used to calculate synergies from EMG data at each visit to compare synergy weights and activations. RESULTS & SIGNIFICANCE: The inter-visit variance ratios of EMG data for children with CP were similar to previously reported results for typically-developing children and unimpaired adults (range: 0.39 for vastus lateralis to 0.66 for rectus femoris). The average cosine similarity of the EMG waveforms between visits was greater than 0.9 for all muscles, while synergy weights and activations also had high similarity - greater than 0.8 and 0.9 between visits, respectively. These results demonstrate that EMG repeatability between visits during clinical gait analysis for children with CP is similar to unimpaired individuals. These results provide a baseline for evaluating whether observed changes in EMG recordings between visits reflect real changes in muscle activity or are within the range of inter-visit variability.
BACKGROUND: Clinical gait analysis is commonly used in the evaluation and treatment of children with cerebral palsy (CP). While the repeatability of kinematic and kinetic measures of gait has previously been evaluated, the repeatability of electromyography (EMG) recordings or measures calculated from EMG data, such as muscle synergies, remains unclear for this population. RESEARCH QUESTION: Are EMG recordings and muscle synergies from clinical gait analysis repeatable between visits for children with CP? METHODS: We recruited 20 children with bilateral CP who had been referred for clinical gait analysis. The children completed two visits less than six weeks apart with EMG data collected bilaterally from five muscles (rectus femoris, medial hamstrings, vastus lateralis, anterior tibialis, and medial gastrocnemius). Variance ratio and cosine similarity were used to evaluate repeatability of EMG waveforms between visits. Nonnegative matrix factorization was used to calculate synergies from EMG data at each visit to compare synergy weights and activations. RESULTS & SIGNIFICANCE: The inter-visit variance ratios of EMG data for children with CP were similar to previously reported results for typically-developing children and unimpaired adults (range: 0.39 for vastus lateralis to 0.66 for rectus femoris). The average cosine similarity of the EMG waveforms between visits was greater than 0.9 for all muscles, while synergy weights and activations also had high similarity - greater than 0.8 and 0.9 between visits, respectively. These results demonstrate that EMG repeatability between visits during clinical gait analysis for children with CP is similar to unimpaired individuals. These results provide a baseline for evaluating whether observed changes in EMG recordings between visits reflect real changes in muscle activity or are within the range of inter-visit variability.
Authors: Alberto Ferrari; Maria Grazia Benedetti; Esteban Pavan; Carlo Frigo; Dario Bettinelli; Marco Rabuffetti; Paolo Crenna; Alberto Leardini Journal: Gait Posture Date: 2008-02-15 Impact factor: 2.840
Authors: Marije Goudriaan; Eirini Papageorgiou; Benjamin R Shuman; Katherine M Steele; Nadia Dominici; Anja Van Campenhout; Els Ortibus; Guy Molenaers; Kaat Desloovere Journal: Dev Med Child Neurol Date: 2021-10-06 Impact factor: 4.864
Authors: Annike Bekius; Margit M Bach; Marjolein M van der Krogt; Ralph de Vries; Annemieke I Buizer; Nadia Dominici Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2020-07-02 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Lorenzo Pitto; Sam van Rossom; Kaat Desloovere; Guy Molenaers; Catherine Huenaerts; Friedl De Groote; Ilse Jonkers Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-02-12 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Annike Bekius; Coen S Zandvoort; Jennifer N Kerkman; Laura A van de Pol; R Jeroen Vermeulen; Jaap Harlaar; Andreas Daffertshofer; Annemieke I Buizer; Nadia Dominici Journal: Sensors (Basel) Date: 2021-04-12 Impact factor: 3.576