Túlio Gomes Pacheco1, Amanda de Santana Lopes1, Gélia Dinah Monteiro Viana1, Odyone Nascimento da Silva1, Gleyson Morais da Silva1, Leila do Nascimento Vieira2, Miguel Pedro Guerra2, Rubens Onofre Nodari2, Emanuel Maltempi de Souza3, Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa3, Wagner Campos Otoni4, Marcelo Rogalski5. 1. Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. 2. Laboratório de Fisiologia do Desenvolvimento e Genética Vegetal, Programa de Pós-graduação em Recursos Genéticos Vegetais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. 3. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Fixação Biológica de Nitrogênio, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil. 4. Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. 5. Laboratório de Fisiologia Molecular de Plantas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil. rogalski@ufv.br.
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: The plastome of B. orellana reveals specific evolutionary features, unique RNA editing sites, molecular markers and the position of Bixaceae within Malvales. Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a native species of tropical Americas with center of origin in Brazilian Amazonia. Its seeds accumulate the apocarotenoids, bixin and norbixin, which are only found in high content in this species. The seeds of B. orellana are commercially valued by the food industry because its dyes replace synthetic ones from the market due to potential carcinogenic risks. The increasing consumption of B. orellana seeds for dye extraction makes necessary the increase of productivity, which is possible accessing the genetic basis and searching for elite genotypes. The identification and characterization of molecular markers are essential to analyse the genetic diversity of natural populations and to establish suitable strategies for conservation, domestication, germplasm characterization and genetic breeding. Therefore, we sequenced and characterized in detail the plastome of B. orellana. The plastome of B. orellana is a circular DNA molecule of 159,708 bp with a typical quadripartite structure and 112 unique genes. Additionally, a total of 312 SSR loci were identified in the plastome of B. orellana. Moreover, we predicted in 23 genes a total of 57 RNA-editing sites of which 11 are unique for B. orellana. Furthermore, our plastid phylogenomic analyses, using the plastome sequences available in the plastid database belonging to species of order Malvales, indicate a closed relationship between Bixaceae and Malvaceae, which formed a sister group to Thymelaeaceae. Finally, our study provided useful data to be employed in several genetic and biotechnological approaches in B. orellana and related species of the family Bixaceae.
MAIN CONCLUSION: The plastome of B. orellana reveals specific evolutionary features, unique RNA editing sites, molecular markers and the position of Bixaceae within Malvales. Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) is a native species of tropical Americas with center of origin in Brazilian Amazonia. Its seeds accumulate the apocarotenoids, bixin and norbixin, which are only found in high content in this species. The seeds of B. orellana are commercially valued by the food industry because its dyes replace synthetic ones from the market due to potential carcinogenic risks. The increasing consumption of B. orellana seeds for dye extraction makes necessary the increase of productivity, which is possible accessing the genetic basis and searching for elite genotypes. The identification and characterization of molecular markers are essential to analyse the genetic diversity of natural populations and to establish suitable strategies for conservation, domestication, germplasm characterization and genetic breeding. Therefore, we sequenced and characterized in detail the plastome of B. orellana. The plastome of B. orellana is a circular DNA molecule of 159,708 bp with a typical quadripartite structure and 112 unique genes. Additionally, a total of 312 SSR loci were identified in the plastome of B. orellana. Moreover, we predicted in 23 genes a total of 57 RNA-editing sites of which 11 are unique for B. orellana. Furthermore, our plastid phylogenomic analyses, using the plastome sequences available in the plastid database belonging to species of order Malvales, indicate a closed relationship between Bixaceae and Malvaceae, which formed a sister group to Thymelaeaceae. Finally, our study provided useful data to be employed in several genetic and biotechnological approaches in B. orellana and related species of the family Bixaceae.
Authors: R S Millen; R G Olmstead; K L Adams; J D Palmer; N T Lao; L Heggie; T A Kavanagh; J M Hibberd; J C Gray; C W Morden; P J Calie; L S Jermiin; K H Wolfe Journal: Plant Cell Date: 2001-03 Impact factor: 11.277
Authors: Christian Schmitz-Linneweber; Ralph Regel; Tung Gia Du; Holger Hupfer; Reinhold G Herrmann; Rainer M Maier Journal: Mol Biol Evol Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 16.240
Authors: V Savolainen; M W Chase; S B Hoot; C M Morton; D E Soltis; C Bayer; M F Fay; A Y de Bruijn; S Sullivan; Y L Qiu Journal: Syst Biol Date: 2000-06 Impact factor: 15.683