Y Wu1, G Shaughnessy2, C A Hoffman2, E L Oberstar3, S Schafer4, T Schubert5,6, K L Ruedinger3, B J Davis3, C A Mistretta2,5, C M Strother5, M A Speidel2,7. 1. From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.) yijingwu@wisc.edu. 2. From the Departments of Medical Physics (Y.W., G.S., C.A.H., C.A.M., M.A.S.). 3. Biomedical Engineering (E.L.O., K.L.R., B.J.D.). 4. Siemens Healthineers (S.S.), USA. 5. Radiology (C.A.M., C.M.S., T.S.). 6. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (T.S.), Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland. 7. Medicine (M.A.S.), University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 4D-DSA provides time-resolved 3D-DSA volumes with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate a shifted least squares method to estimate the blood velocity from the 4D DSA images. Quantitative validation was performed using a flow phantom with an ultrasonic flow probe as ground truth. Quantification of blood velocity in human internal carotid arteries was compared with measurements generated from 3D phase-contrast MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The centerlines of selected vascular segments and the time concentration curves of each voxel along the centerlines were determined from the 4D-DSA dataset. The temporal shift required to achieve a minimum difference between any point and other points along the centerline of a segment was calculated. The temporal shift as a function of centerline point position was fit to a straight line to generate the velocity. The proposed shifted least-squares method was first validated using a flow phantom study. Blood velocities were also estimated in the 14 ICAs of human subjects who had both 4D-DSA and phase-contrast MR imaging studies. Linear regression and correlation analysis were performed on both the phantom study and clinical study, respectively. RESULTS: Mean velocities of the flow phantom calculated from 4D-DSA matched very well with ultrasonic flow probe measurements with 11% relative root mean square error. Mean blood velocities of ICAs calculated from 4D-DSA correlated well with phase-contrast MR imaging measurements with Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.835. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of 4D-DSA provides the opportunity to use the shifted least-squares method to estimate velocity in vessels within a 3D volume.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:4D-DSA provides time-resolved 3D-DSA volumes with high temporal and spatial resolutions. The purpose of this study is to investigate a shifted least squares method to estimate the blood velocity from the 4D DSA images. Quantitative validation was performed using a flow phantom with an ultrasonic flow probe as ground truth. Quantification of blood velocity in human internal carotid arteries was compared with measurements generated from 3D phase-contrast MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The centerlines of selected vascular segments and the time concentration curves of each voxel along the centerlines were determined from the 4D-DSA dataset. The temporal shift required to achieve a minimum difference between any point and other points along the centerline of a segment was calculated. The temporal shift as a function of centerline point position was fit to a straight line to generate the velocity. The proposed shifted least-squares method was first validated using a flow phantom study. Blood velocities were also estimated in the 14 ICAs of human subjects who had both 4D-DSA and phase-contrast MR imaging studies. Linear regression and correlation analysis were performed on both the phantom study and clinical study, respectively. RESULTS: Mean velocities of the flow phantom calculated from 4D-DSA matched very well with ultrasonic flow probe measurements with 11% relative root mean square error. Mean blood velocities of ICAs calculated from 4D-DSA correlated well with phase-contrast MR imaging measurements with Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.835. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of 4D-DSA provides the opportunity to use the shifted least-squares method to estimate velocity in vessels within a 3D volume.
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