Huajun Xu1,2,3, Xiaoyan Li4, Xiaojiao Zheng5, Yunyan Xia1,2,3, Yiqun Fu1,2,3, Xinyi Li1,2,3, Yingjun Qian1,2,3, Jianyin Zou1,2,3, Aihua Zhao5, Jian Guan1,2,3, Meizhen Gu4, Hongliang Yi1,2,3, Wei Jia5,6, Shankai Yin1,2,3. 1. Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery and Center of Sleep Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. 2. Otolaryngological Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 3. Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 4. Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. 5. Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. 6. Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Several cross-sectional studies have reported associations between oral diseases and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there have been no reports regarding the structure and composition of the oral microbiota with simultaneous evaluation of potential associations with perturbed metabolic profiles in pediatric OSA. METHODS: An integrated approach, combining metagenomics based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to evaluate the oral microbiome and the urinary metabolome. RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the oral microbiome composition was significantly perturbed in pediatric OSA compared with normal controls, especially with regard to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, metabolomics profiling indicated that 57 metabolites, 5 of which were metabolites related to the microflora of the digestive tract, were differentially present in the urine of pediatric patients with OSA and controls. Co-inertia and correlation analyses revealed that several oral microbiome changes were correlated with urinary metabolite perturbations in pediatric OSA. However, this correlation relationship does not imply causality. CONCLUSIONS: High-throughput sequencing revealed that the oral microbiome composition and function were significantly altered in pediatric OSA. Further studies are needed to confirm and determine the mechanisms underlying these findings.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Several cross-sectional studies have reported associations between oral diseases and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there have been no reports regarding the structure and composition of the oral microbiota with simultaneous evaluation of potential associations with perturbed metabolic profiles in pediatric OSA. METHODS: An integrated approach, combining metagenomics based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to evaluate the oral microbiome and the urinary metabolome. RESULTS: 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the oral microbiome composition was significantly perturbed in pediatric OSA compared with normal controls, especially with regard to Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, metabolomics profiling indicated that 57 metabolites, 5 of which were metabolites related to the microflora of the digestive tract, were differentially present in the urine of pediatric patients with OSA and controls. Co-inertia and correlation analyses revealed that several oral microbiome changes were correlated with urinary metabolite perturbations in pediatric OSA. However, this correlation relationship does not imply causality. CONCLUSIONS: High-throughput sequencing revealed that the oral microbiome composition and function were significantly altered in pediatric OSA. Further studies are needed to confirm and determine the mechanisms underlying these findings.
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