Jana Grune1,2,3, Annelie Blumrich1,2, Sarah Brix1,2, Sarah Jeuthe2,4,5, Cathleen Drescher2,6, Tilman Grune2,6,7, Anna Foryst-Ludwig1,2, Daniel Messroghli2,4,5, Wolfgang M Kuebler2,3, Christiane Ott2,6, Ulrich Kintscher8,9. 1. Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany. 2. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. 3. Institute of Physiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany. 4. Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 5. Department of Cardiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany. 6. Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Germany. 7. German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany. 8. Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité -Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Str. 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany. ulrich.kintscher@charite.de. 9. German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. ulrich.kintscher@charite.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The assessment of ventricular volumes using conventional echocardiography methods is limited with regards to the need of geometrical assumptions. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate a novel commercial system for three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in preclinical models by direct comparison with conventional 1D- and 2D-echocardiography (1DE; 2DE) and the gold-standard technique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further, we provide a standard operating protocol for image acquisition and analysis with 3DE. METHODS: 3DE was carried out using a 30 MHz center frequency transducer coupled to a Vevo®3100 Imaging System. We evaluated under different experimental conditions: 1) in vitro phantom measurements served as controlled setting in which boundaries were clearly delineated; 2) a validation cohort composed of healthy C57BL/6 J mice and New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice was used in order to validate 3DE against cardiac MRI; 3) a standard mouse model of pressure overload induced-heart failure was investigated to estimate the value of 3DE. RESULTS: First, in vitro volumetry revealed good agreement between 3DE assessed volumes and the MRI-assessed volumes. Second, cardiac volume determination with 3DE showed smaller mean differences compared to cardiac MRI than conventional 1DE and 2DE. Third, 3DE was suitable to detect reduced ejection fractions in heart failure mice. Fourth, inter- and intra-observer variability of 3DE showed good to excellent agreement regarding absolute volumes in healthy mice, whereas agreement rates for the relative metrics ejection fraction and stroke volume demonstrated good to moderate observer variabilities. CONCLUSIONS: 3DE provides a novel method for accurate volumetry in small animals without the need for spatial assumptions, demonstrating a technique for an improved analysis of ventricular function. Further validation work and highly standardized image analyses are required to increase reproducibility of this approach.
BACKGROUND: The assessment of ventricular volumes using conventional echocardiography methods is limited with regards to the need of geometrical assumptions. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate a novel commercial system for three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) in preclinical models by direct comparison with conventional 1D- and 2D-echocardiography (1DE; 2DE) and the gold-standard technique magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Further, we provide a standard operating protocol for image acquisition and analysis with 3DE. METHODS: 3DE was carried out using a 30 MHz center frequency transducer coupled to a Vevo®3100 Imaging System. We evaluated under different experimental conditions: 1) in vitro phantom measurements served as controlled setting in which boundaries were clearly delineated; 2) a validation cohort composed of healthy C57BL/6 J mice and New Zealand Obese (NZO) mice was used in order to validate 3DE against cardiac MRI; 3) a standard mouse model of pressure overload induced-heart failure was investigated to estimate the value of 3DE. RESULTS: First, in vitro volumetry revealed good agreement between 3DE assessed volumes and the MRI-assessed volumes. Second, cardiac volume determination with 3DE showed smaller mean differences compared to cardiac MRI than conventional 1DE and 2DE. Third, 3DE was suitable to detect reduced ejection fractions in heart failuremice. Fourth, inter- and intra-observer variability of 3DE showed good to excellent agreement regarding absolute volumes in healthy mice, whereas agreement rates for the relative metrics ejection fraction and stroke volume demonstrated good to moderate observer variabilities. CONCLUSIONS: 3DE provides a novel method for accurate volumetry in small animals without the need for spatial assumptions, demonstrating a technique for an improved analysis of ventricular function. Further validation work and highly standardized image analyses are required to increase reproducibility of this approach.
Entities:
Keywords:
3D echocardiography; Heart failure; Preclinical imaging; Small animals; Volumetry
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