Anna Pedret1,2, Sara Fernández-Castillejo2,3, Rosa-Maria Valls2, Úrsula Catalán2,3, Laura Rubió2,4, Marta Romeu2, Alba Macià4, Maria Carmen López de Las Hazas4,5, Marta Farràs6,7, Montse Giralt2, Juana I Mosele4,8,9, Sandra Martín-Peláez10,7, Alan T Remaley11,12, Maria-Isabel Covas10,7,13, Montse Fitó10,7, Maria-José Motilva4, Rosa Solà2,3,14. 1. Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation, and CVD Research Group (NFOC-Salut), 43204, Reus, Spain. 2. Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain. 3. Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, 43204, Reus, Spain. 4. Antioxidants Research Group, Food Technology Department, Universitat de Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, 25198, Lleida, Spain. 5. Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain. 6. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IIB) Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. 7. Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, REGICOR Study Group, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), 08003, Barcelona, Spain. 8. Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, 1053, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 9. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Química Analítica y Fisicoquímica, Cátedra de Fisicoquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, C1113AAD, Buenos Aires, Argentina. 10. Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre (CIBER), Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain. 11. Department of Laboratory Medicine Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA. 12. Lipoprotein Metabolism Section Cardio-Pulmonary Branch National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health, 20814, Bethesda, MD, USA. 13. NUPROAS (Nutritional Project Assessment), Handesbolag (NUPROAS HB), 13100, Nacka, Sweden. 14. Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, 43204, Reus, Spain.
Abstract
SCOPE: The main findings of the "Virgin Olive Oil and HDL Functionality" (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work. METHODS AND RESULTS: VOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg-1 ), FVOO (500 mg kg-1 ), and FVOOT (500 mg kg-1 ; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat-soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol-enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources. CONCLUSION: Novel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL-cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol-enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
RCT Entities:
SCOPE: The main findings of the "Virgin OliveOil and HDL Functionality" (VOHF) study and other related studies on the effect of phenol-enriched virgin oliveoil (VOO) supplementation on cardiovascular disease are integrated in the present work. METHODS AND RESULTS:VOHF assessed whether VOOs, enriched with their own phenolic compounds (FVOO) or with those from thyme (FVOOT), improve quantity and functionality of HDL. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover, and controlled trial, 33 hypercholesterolemic subjects received a control VOO (80 mg kg-1 ), FVOO (500 mg kg-1 ), and FVOOT (500 mg kg-1 ; 1:1) for 3 weeks. Both functional VOOs promoted cardioprotective changes, modulating HDL proteome, increasing fat-soluble antioxidants, improving HDL subclasses distribution, reducing the lipoprotein insulin resistance index, increasing endogenous antioxidant enzymes, protecting DNA from oxidation, ameliorating endothelial function, and increasing fecal microbial metabolic activity. Additional cardioprotective benefits were observed according to phenol source and content in the phenol-enriched VOOs. These insights support the beneficial effects of OO and PC from different sources. CONCLUSION: Novel therapeutic strategies should increase HDL-cholesterol levels and enhance HDL functionality. The tailoring of phenol-enriched VOOs is an interesting and useful strategy for enhancing the functional quality of HDL, and thus, it can be used as a complementary tool for the management of hypercholesterolemic individuals.
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