Veronique Demers-Mathieu1, Mark A Underwood2, Robert L Beverly1, David C Dallas1. 1. Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. 2. Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Sacramento, California, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human milk immunoglobulins (Ig) are an important support for the naïve infant immune system; yet the extent to which these proteins survive within the infant digestive tract, particularly for preterm infants, is poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the survival of human milk Igs in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. METHODS: Human milk and infant gastric samples were collected from 11 preterm (23-32 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs within 7-98 days postnatal age. Preterm gastric samples were collected 1, 2, and 3 h after the beginning of the feeding. Samples were analyzed for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA [SIgA]/IgA), total secretory component (SC/SIgA/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM/IgM), and IgG via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ig-chain fragment peptides were determined using peptidomic analysis. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests was applied. RESULTS: Concentrations of total IgA were lower in the gastric contents at 3 h postprandial compared with human milk and gastric contents at 1 and 2 h. Human milk SC/SIgA/SIgM, IgG, and total IgM concentrations remained stable in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. Peptide counts from the Ig alpha-chain and the Ig gamma-chain increased in gastric contents from 1 to 2 h postprandial. Peptide counts from the human milk Ig-chain, Ig-chain, and SC were stable across postprandial time. These peptides from Ig-chains were not present in human milk but were released in the stomach due to their partial degradation. CONCLUSIONS: Human milk total SC (SIgA/SC/SIgM), total IgM, and IgG survived mostly intact through the preterm infant stomach, while total IgA was -partially digested.
BACKGROUND:Humanmilk immunoglobulins (Ig) are an important support for the naïve infant immune system; yet the extent to which these proteins survive within the infant digestive tract, particularly for preterm infants, is poorly studied. OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to evaluate the survival of humanmilk Igs in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. METHODS:Humanmilk and infant gastric samples were collected from 11 preterm (23-32 weeks gestational age) mother-infant pairs within 7-98 days postnatal age. Preterm gastric samples were collected 1, 2, and 3 h after the beginning of the feeding. Samples were analyzed for concentration of total IgA (secretory IgA [SIgA]/IgA), total secretory component (SC/SIgA/SIgM), total IgM (SIgM/IgM), and IgG via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ig-chain fragment peptides were determined using peptidomic analysis. One-way analysis of variance with repeated measures followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests was applied. RESULTS: Concentrations of total IgA were lower in the gastric contents at 3 h postprandial compared with humanmilk and gastric contents at 1 and 2 h. Humanmilk SC/SIgA/SIgM, IgG, and total IgM concentrations remained stable in the preterm stomach across postprandial time. Peptide counts from the Ig alpha-chain and the Ig gamma-chain increased in gastric contents from 1 to 2 h postprandial. Peptide counts from the humanmilk Ig-chain, Ig-chain, and SC were stable across postprandial time. These peptides from Ig-chains were not present in humanmilk but were released in the stomach due to their partial degradation. CONCLUSIONS:Humanmilk total SC (SIgA/SC/SIgM), total IgM, and IgG survived mostly intact through the preterm infant stomach, while total IgA was -partially digested.
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