Gabriela Arandia1, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez2, Anna Maria Siega-Riz3, Elva M Arredondo4, Mercedes R Carnethon5, Alan M Delamater6, Linda C Gallo7, Carmen R Isasi8, Ashley N Marchante9, David Pritchard10, Linda Van Horn11, Krista M Perreira12. 1. Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7440, USA. Electronic address: arandia.gabriela@gmail.com. 2. Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, Suite 450, CB #8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. Electronic address: dsotres@unc.edu. 3. School of Nursing at University of Virginia, 225 Jeanette Lancaster Way, Charlottesville, VA 22903-3388, USA. Electronic address: siegariz@virginia.edu. 4. San Diego State University Graduate School of Global Public Health, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite #221, San Diego, CA 92123-4311, USA. Electronic address: earrendon@mail.sdsu.edu. 5. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: carnethon@northwestern.edu. 6. Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Mailman Center (MCCD), 1601 NW 12th Ave., Room 4048, Miami, FL 33136-1005, USA. Electronic address: adelamater@med.miami.edu. 7. Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 110, San Diego, CA 92123-4311, USA. Electronic address: lgallo@mail.sdsu.edu. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Belfer Building, Room 1308, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. Electronic address: carmen.isasi@einstein.yu.edu. 9. Department of Psychology, University of Miami, 5665 Ponce De Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. Electronic address: ashley.marchante@gmail.com. 10. Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 123 W. Franklin Street, Suite 450, CB #8030, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. Electronic address: dpritch@live.unc.edu. 11. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N Lake Shore Drive, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address: lvanhorn@northwestern.edu. 12. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #8120, 123 W. Franklin St., Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA. Electronic address: perreira@email.unc.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acculturation among Hispanic/Latinos has been linked to deteriorating dietary quality that may contribute to obesity risks. This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and dietary quality in U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1298 Hispanic/Latino youth ages 8-16 from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (HCHS/SOL Youth), an ancillary study of offspring of participants in the adult HCHS/SOL cohort. Multivariable regression analyses assessed relationships between acculturation and ethnic identity with dietary quality as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, accounting for covariates, design effects, and sample weights. We also compared HEI scores by immigrant generation and language of interview. RESULTS: Youth were 12 ± 2.5 -years and 49.3% female. They were placed into five acculturation categories-including 48% integrated (bicultural orientation), 32.7% assimilated (high U.S. and low Latino orientation), 5.9% separated (high Latino and low U.S. orientation) or marginalized (neither U.S. nor Latino orientation), and 13.3% unclassified. Mean HEI was 53.8; there were no differences in HEI scores by acculturation category, but integrated youth had higher whole grains scores, lower sodium scores, and lower empty calories scores compared to assimilated youth. There were no differences in HEI scores by ethnic identity scores, and no consistent trend between dietary quality and ethnic identity. First- and second-generation youth had higher HEI scores, compared to third-generation youth, and, Spanish-speaking youth had higher HEI scores compared to English-speaking youth. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that integrated youth in the U.S. may engage in healthier eating behaviors than those who are assimilated. Additional research on Hispanic/Latino youths' acculturation and diet can inform health promotion efforts to improve eating habits and health outcomes among this population.
BACKGROUND: Acculturation among Hispanic/Latinos has been linked to deteriorating dietary quality that may contribute to obesity risks. This study examined the relationship between acculturation, ethnic identity, and dietary quality in U.S. Hispanic/Latino youth. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1298 Hispanic/Latino youth ages 8-16 from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (HCHS/SOL Youth), an ancillary study of offspring of participants in the adult HCHS/SOL cohort. Multivariable regression analyses assessed relationships between acculturation and ethnic identity with dietary quality as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, accounting for covariates, design effects, and sample weights. We also compared HEI scores by immigrant generation and language of interview. RESULTS: Youth were 12 ± 2.5 -years and 49.3% female. They were placed into five acculturation categories-including 48% integrated (bicultural orientation), 32.7% assimilated (high U.S. and low Latino orientation), 5.9% separated (high Latino and low U.S. orientation) or marginalized (neither U.S. nor Latino orientation), and 13.3% unclassified. Mean HEI was 53.8; there were no differences in HEI scores by acculturation category, but integrated youth had higher whole grains scores, lower sodium scores, and lower empty calories scores compared to assimilated youth. There were no differences in HEI scores by ethnic identity scores, and no consistent trend between dietary quality and ethnic identity. First- and second-generation youth had higher HEI scores, compared to third-generation youth, and, Spanish-speaking youth had higher HEI scores compared to English-speaking youth. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that integrated youth in the U.S. may engage in healthier eating behaviors than those who are assimilated. Additional research on Hispanic/Latino youths' acculturation and diet can inform health promotion efforts to improve eating habits and health outcomes among this population.
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