Cynthia J Hines1, Annette L Christianson1, Matthew V Jackson2, Xiaoyun Ye3, Jack R Pretty1, James E Arnold1, Antonia M Calafat3. 1. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tusculum Ave., Cincinnati, OH, USA. 2. URS Professional Solutions/RCS Corporation, S. Centennial Ave., Aiken, SC USA. 3. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Buford Hwy. Atlanta, GA USA.
Abstract
Background: Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can be assessed using external and internal exposure measures. We examined the relationship between two measures of external BPA exposure (air and hand-wipe samples) and one of internal exposure (total BPA in urine) for a group of US manufacturing workers. Methods: During 2013-2014, we recruited 78 workers from six US companies that made BPA or made products with BPA. We quantified BPA in seven urine samples, two full-shift air samples and in pre- and end-shift hand-wipe samples collected from workers over 2 consecutive days. We examined correlations between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total BPA (total BPACR) and BPA levels in air and hand wipes using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We also applied mixed-effects regression models to examine the relationship between total BPACR with BPA in air (urine~air model) and with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (urine~hand model), separately and together (urine~air+hand model), after adjusting for covariates. Results: End-shift total BPACR strongly correlated with BPA in air (rp = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and nearly as strongly with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (rp = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In mixed-effect models, BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were significantly and positively associated with end-shift total BPACR (P < 0.0001 each). We found a significant effect of the Day 1 BPA air concentration on Day 2 total BPACR (P = 0.0104). When BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were in the same model, the air concentration (P < 0.0001) was more significant than the hand-wipe level (P = 0.0106). Conclusion: BPA levels in air and end-shift hand wipes strongly correlated with total BPACR, suggesting that both inhalation and dermal contract were likely exposure routes; however, inhalation, on average, appeared to be a more dominant exposure route than dermal contact for these manufacturing workers.
Background: Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) can be assessed using external and internal exposure measures. We examined the relationship between two measures of external BPA exposure (air and hand-wipe samples) and one of internal exposure (total BPA in urine) for a group of US manufacturing workers. Methods: During 2013-2014, we recruited 78 workers from six US companies that made BPA or made products with BPA. We quantified BPA in seven urine samples, two full-shift air samples and in pre- and end-shift hand-wipe samples collected from workers over 2 consecutive days. We examined correlations between creatinine-corrected urinary concentrations of total BPA (total BPACR) and BPA levels in air and hand wipes using Pearson's correlation coefficient. We also applied mixed-effects regression models to examine the relationship between total BPACR with BPA in air (urine~air model) and with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (urine~hand model), separately and together (urine~air+hand model), after adjusting for covariates. Results: End-shift total BPACR strongly correlated with BPA in air (rp = 0.79, P < 0.0001) and nearly as strongly with BPA in end-shift hand wipes (rp = 0.75, P < 0.0001). In mixed-effect models, BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were significantly and positively associated with end-shift total BPACR (P < 0.0001 each). We found a significant effect of the Day 1 BPA air concentration on Day 2 total BPACR (P = 0.0104). When BPA air concentration and end-shift hand-wipe BPA level were in the same model, the air concentration (P < 0.0001) was more significant than the hand-wipe level (P = 0.0106). Conclusion:BPA levels in air and end-shift hand wipes strongly correlated with total BPACR, suggesting that both inhalation and dermal contract were likely exposure routes; however, inhalation, on average, appeared to be a more dominant exposure route than dermal contact for these manufacturing workers.
Authors: Cynthia J Hines; Matthew V Jackson; James A Deddens; John C Clark; Xiaoyun Ye; Annette L Christianson; Juliana W Meadows; Antonia M Calafat Journal: Ann Work Expo Health Date: 2017-03-01 Impact factor: 2.179
Authors: D Li; Z Zhou; D Qing; Y He; T Wu; M Miao; J Wang; X Weng; J R Ferber; L J Herrinton; Q Zhu; E Gao; H Checkoway; W Yuan Journal: Hum Reprod Date: 2009-11-10 Impact factor: 6.918
Authors: Antonia M Calafat; Xiaoyun Ye; Lee-Yang Wong; John A Reidy; Larry L Needham Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2008-01 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Jackye Peretz; Lisa Vrooman; William A Ricke; Patricia A Hunt; Shelley Ehrlich; Russ Hauser; Vasantha Padmanabhan; Hugh S Taylor; Shanna H Swan; Catherine A VandeVoort; Jodi A Flaws Journal: Environ Health Perspect Date: 2014-06-04 Impact factor: 9.031
Authors: Jiude Mao; Ashish Jain; Nancy D Denslow; Mohammad-Zaman Nouri; Sixue Chen; Tingting Wang; Ning Zhu; Jin Koh; Saurav J Sarma; Barbara W Sumner; Zhentian Lei; Lloyd W Sumner; Nathan J Bivens; R Michael Roberts; Geetu Tuteja; Cheryl S Rosenfeld Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2020-02-18 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Kristen S Uchtmann; Julia A Taylor; Barry G Timms; Richard W Stahlhut; Emily A Ricke; Mark R Ellersieck; Frederick S Vom Saal; William A Ricke Journal: Reprod Toxicol Date: 2019-11-19 Impact factor: 3.143