Jaime E Sidani1,2, Ariel Shensa1,2, Jonathan Yabes1,3, Carl Fertman4, Brian A Primack1,2,5,6. 1. Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, UPMC Montefiore Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 2. Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health, PA, USA. 3. Center for Research on Health Care Data Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh School of Education, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 5. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 6. University Honors College, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS or 'hookah') is common among adolescents and college students in the USA. However, there has not yet been a large-scale, nationally representative study independently examining WTS among young adults who are not in college. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine associations between attitudes, normative beliefs, certain socio-demographic factors and current WTS among young adults not in college and compare them to young adults in college. METHODS: A total of 3131 US adults ages 18-30 completed an online survey about WTS behaviour, attitudes, normative beliefs and relevant socio-demographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between these variables and current WTS stratified by student status. RESULTS: Ever WTS was reported by 29% of young adults not in college and by 35% of those in college, and current use rates were 3 and 7%, respectively. Multivariable models demonstrated that positive attitudes and perceived peer acceptability of WTS were significantly associated with increased current WTS for both young adults not in college [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.72; 95% CI: 2.00-3.71 and AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50-2.71, respectively] and young adults in college (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 2.48-4.58 and AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.49-2.83, respectively). The magnitude of these associations was not significantly different when comparing individuals in college and not in college. CONCLUSIONS: Among young adults, WTS is common in non-college-based populations as well as in college-based populations. Therefore, prevention programming should extend to all young adults, not only to those in college.
BACKGROUND: Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS or 'hookah') is common among adolescents and college students in the USA. However, there has not yet been a large-scale, nationally representative study independently examining WTS among young adults who are not in college. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to examine associations between attitudes, normative beliefs, certain socio-demographic factors and current WTS among young adults not in college and compare them to young adults in college. METHODS: A total of 3131 US adults ages 18-30 completed an online survey about WTS behaviour, attitudes, normative beliefs and relevant socio-demographic factors. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine independent associations between these variables and current WTS stratified by student status. RESULTS: Ever WTS was reported by 29% of young adults not in college and by 35% of those in college, and current use rates were 3 and 7%, respectively. Multivariable models demonstrated that positive attitudes and perceived peer acceptability of WTS were significantly associated with increased current WTS for both young adults not in college [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.72; 95% CI: 2.00-3.71 and AOR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50-2.71, respectively] and young adults in college (AOR = 3.37; 95% CI: 2.48-4.58 and AOR = 2.05; 95% CI: 1.49-2.83, respectively). The magnitude of these associations was not significantly different when comparing individuals in college and not in college. CONCLUSIONS: Among young adults, WTS is common in non-college-based populations as well as in college-based populations. Therefore, prevention programming should extend to all young adults, not only to those in college.
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