Marzena Hiler1, Tory R Spindle2, Danielle Dick3, Thomas Eissenberg4, Alison Breland4, Eric Soule5. 1. Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Electronic address: Marzenamhiler@gmail.com. 2. Behavioral Pharmacology Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 3. Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. 4. Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. 5. Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Health Education and Promotion, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina. Electronic address: soulee18@ecu.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Longitudinal studies indicate that e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with cigarette smoking initiation. The purpose of this study was to identify reasons why nonsmoking young adults transition from e-cigarette use to cigarette smoking. METHODS: The study used concept mapping (CM), a mixed-method participatory approach. Fifty-five college students who endorsed initiation of e-cigarettes before cigarettes (lifetime e-cigarette uses ≥ 100 and ≥ 100 cigarettes in lifetime) completed at least one part of the study. In an online program, participants brainstormed (n = 54) statements describing reasons for transition from e-cigarette use to cigarette smoking, sorted statements (n = 46) into conceptually similar categories, and rated (n = 47) how true each statement was for them. RESULTS: Participants generated 60 unique statements, and multidimensional scaling analysis generated eight thematic clusters characterizing reasons for transition which included the following: "Sharing with Others," "Psychological Coping," "Cigarette Appeal," "Reinforcing Effects of Cigarettes," "Accessibility," "Social Influence," "Vaping Stigma," and "Vaping Deficiencies." Participants rated "Sharing with Others" and "Psychological Coping" highest (most true) and "Vaping Deficiencies" lowest (least true). For college students, the ability to share cigarettes with peers and access cigarettes from peers and smoking for stress/anxiety management were among the top reasons for transition. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that tailored prevention efforts aimed at reducing cigarette smoking uptake among college students who use tobacco as a means for psychological coping or social facilitation may be warranted. Furthermore, regulatory decisions aimed at limiting cigarette appeal, reinforcing effects, and accessibility may be relevant to reducing transition.
PURPOSE: Longitudinal studies indicate that e-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with cigarette smoking initiation. The purpose of this study was to identify reasons why nonsmoking young adults transition from e-cigarette use to cigarette smoking. METHODS: The study used concept mapping (CM), a mixed-method participatory approach. Fifty-five college students who endorsed initiation of e-cigarettes before cigarettes (lifetime e-cigarette uses ≥ 100 and ≥ 100 cigarettes in lifetime) completed at least one part of the study. In an online program, participants brainstormed (n = 54) statements describing reasons for transition from e-cigarette use to cigarette smoking, sorted statements (n = 46) into conceptually similar categories, and rated (n = 47) how true each statement was for them. RESULTS:Participants generated 60 unique statements, and multidimensional scaling analysis generated eight thematic clusters characterizing reasons for transition which included the following: "Sharing with Others," "Psychological Coping," "Cigarette Appeal," "Reinforcing Effects of Cigarettes," "Accessibility," "Social Influence," "Vaping Stigma," and "Vaping Deficiencies." Participants rated "Sharing with Others" and "Psychological Coping" highest (most true) and "Vaping Deficiencies" lowest (least true). For college students, the ability to share cigarettes with peers and access cigarettes from peers and smoking for stress/anxiety management were among the top reasons for transition. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that tailored prevention efforts aimed at reducing cigarette smoking uptake among college students who use tobacco as a means for psychological coping or social facilitation may be warranted. Furthermore, regulatory decisions aimed at limiting cigarette appeal, reinforcing effects, and accessibility may be relevant to reducing transition.
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