Temperature Variation-Induced Performance Decline of Perovskite Solar Cells.

This paper reports on the impact of outdoor temperature variations on the performance of organo metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). It shows that the open-circuit voltage ( VOC) of a PSC decreases linearly with increasing temperature. Interestingly, in contrast to these expected trends, the current density ( JSC) of PSCs is found to decline strongly below 20% of the initial value upon cycling the temperatures from 10 to 60 °C and back. This decline in the current density is driven by an increasing series resistance and is caused by the fast temperature variations as it is not apparent for solar cells exposed to constant temperatures of the same range. The effect is fully reversible when the devices are kept illuminated at an open circuit for several hours. Given these observations, an explanation that ascribes the temperature variation-induced performance decline to ion accumulation at the contacts of the solar cell because of temperature variation-induced changes of the built-in field of the PSC is proposed. The effect might be a major obstacle for perovskite photovoltaics because the devices exposed to real outdoor temperature profiles over 4 h showed a performance decline of >15% when operated at a maximum power point.