| Literature DB >> 29662256 |
Carlos A Ordoñez1,2, Ramiro Manzano Nunez1,3, Michael W Parra4, Juan Pablo Herrera5, Maria Paula Naranjo3, Sara Sofia Escobar3, Marisol Badiel2, Monica Morales2, Cecibel Cevallos2, Juan G Bayona3, Alvaro Ignacio Sanchez1, Juan Carlos Puyana6, Alberto F García1,2.
Abstract
AIM: Our objective was to describe the variations in casualties admitted to the emergency department during the period of the negotiation of the comprehensive peace agreement in Colombia between 2011 and 2016.Entities:
Keywords: Military personnel; critical care; critical care outcomes; warfare; wounds and injuries
Mesh:
Year: 2017 PMID: 29662256 PMCID: PMC5896721 DOI: 10.25100/cm.v43i4.3389
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Colomb Med (Cali) ISSN: 0120-8322
Figure 1Diagram of the selection of hostile casualties.
Patients characteristics
| Total | Before the Negotiation Period (2011-2012) | During the Negotiation Period (2013-2016) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n= 448 | n= 263 | n= 185 | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 25 (22-29) | 25 (23-29) | 24 (22-28) | 0.1 |
| ISS≥9, n (%) | 176 (39%) | 123 (47%) | 53 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Shock Index, median (IQR) | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 0.68 (0.58-0.84) | 0.69 (0.61-0.86) | 0.5 |
| Mechanism of Trauma | ||||
| Gunshot (Rifle): Injuries, n (%) | 205 (45.7%) | 119 (45.2%) | 86 (46.4%) | 0.7 |
| Blast Injuries, n (%) | 222 (49.5%) | 133 (50.5%) | 89 (48.1%) | 0.6 |
| Antipersonnel Mine: Injuries, n (%) | 141 (31.4%) | 79 (30%) | 62 (33.5%) | 0.4 |
| Blunt Injuries, n (%) | 7 (1.5%) | 3 (1.1%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0.4** |
| Other Injuries, n (%) | 14 (3.1%) | 8 (3%) | 6 (3.2%) | 1** |
| Treatment of Patients | ||||
| Emergent Surgery, n (%) | 235 (52%) | 132 (50.1%) | 103 (55.6%) | 0.2 |
| Transfusions, n (%) | 98 (22%) | 62 (23.5%) | 36 (19.4%) | 0.3 |
| ICU admission, n (%) | 108 (24%) | 73 (27.7%) | 35 (18.9%) | 0.03 |
| Complications, n (%) | ||||
| Enucleation, n (%) | 8 (1.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1** |
| Lower Extremity Amputation, n (%) | 40 (8.9%) | 27 (10.2%) | 13 (7%) | 0.3** |
| Spine Cord Injury, n (%) | 16 (3.5%) | 11 (4.1%) | 5 (2.7%) | 0.4** |
| RTD, n (%) | 246 (54.9%) | 143 (54.3%) | 103 (55.6%) | 0.7 |
| % DOW | 6.40% | 5.80% | 7.30% | |
| Mortality, n (%) | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0.5 |
IQR, Interquartile Range; ISS, Injury Severity Score; ICU, Intensive Care Unit; RTD, Returned to Duty; DOW, Died of Wounds
**Fisher Exact Test
Figure 2Variations in emergency department (ER) admissions of soldiers wounded in combat during the study period (cases per year). Note: landmine injuries are included in blast injuries.
Procedures related to trauma care and admissions to the intensive care unit per year
| Total | 2011 (n= 121) | 2012 (n= 142) | 2013 (n= 84) | 2014 (n= 63) | 2015 (n= 32) | 2016 (n=6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of soldiers that underwent emergency surgery, n (%) | 235 (100%) | 68 (29%) | 64 (27%) | 40 (17%) | 37 (16%) | 21 (9%) | 5 (2%) |
| Number of soldiers that underwent DCS, n (%) | 72 (100%) | 12 (17%) | 14 (19%) | 8 (11%) | 22 (31%) | 14 (19%) | 2 (3%) |
| Number of soldiers that required transfusions of blood products, n (%) | 98 (100%) | 32 (33%) | 30 (31%) | 15 (15%) | 15 (15%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (2%) |
| Number of Soldiers admitted to the ICU, n (%) | 108 (100%) | 37 (34%) | 36 (33%) | 16 (15%) | 11 (10%) | 6 (6%) | 2 (2%) |
DCS, Damage Control Surgery; ICU, Intensive Care Unit
Figure 1Diagrama para la selección de los soldados
Características de los pacientes
| Total | Antes del periodo de negociación (2011-2012) | Durante el periodo de negociación (2013-2016) | Valor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n= 448 | n= 263 | n= 185 | ||
| Edad, mediana (RIC) | 25 (22-29) | 25 (23-29) | 24 (22-28) | 0.1 |
| ISS ≥9, n (%) | 176 (39%) | 123 (47%) | 53 (29%) | <0.001 |
| Índice de Shock, mediana (RIC) | 0.7 (0.5-0.9) | 0.68 (0.58-0.84) | 0.69 (0.61-0.86) | 0.5 |
| Mecanismo de Trauma | ||||
| Heridos por Fusil, n (%) | 205 (45.7%) | 119 (45.2%) | 86 (46.4%) | 0.7 |
| Heridos por Explosión, n (%) | 222 (49.5%) | 133 (50.5%) | 89 (48.1%) | 0.6 |
| Heridos por Minas Antipersona, n (%) | 141 (31.4%) | 79 (30%) | 62 (33.5%) | 0.4 |
| Trauma Cerrado, n (%) | 7 (1.5%) | 3 (1.1%) | 4 (2.1%) | 0.4** |
| Otros, n (%) | 14 (3.1%) | 8 (3%) | 6 (3.2%) | 1** |
| Tratamientos | ||||
| Cirugía de Emergencia, n (%) | 235 (52%) | 132 (50.1%) | 103 (55.6%) | 0.2 |
| Transfusiones, n (%) | 98 (22%) | 62 (23.5%) | 36 (19.4%) | 0.3 |
| Admisiones a la UCI, n (%) | 108 (24%) | 73 (27.7%) | 35 (18.9%) | 0.03 |
| Complicaciones, n (%) | ||||
| Enucleación, n (%) | 8 (1.7%) | 5 (1.9%) | 3 (1.6%) | 1** |
| Amputaciones, n (%) | 40 (8.9%) | 27 (10.2%) | 13 (7%) | 0.3** |
| Trauma Raquimedular, n (%) | 16 (3.5%) | 11 (4.1%) | 5 (2.7%) | 0.4** |
| Retornó a prestar Servicios en las primeras 72 horas (RTD), n (%) | 246 (54.9%) | 143 (54.3%) | 103 (55.6%) | 0.7 |
| Murió a Causa de sus heridas (DOW) (%) | 6.40% | 5.80% | 7.30% | |
| Mortalidad, n (%) | 12 | 6 | 6 | 0.5 |
RIC, Rango Intercuartílico; ISS, Injury Severity Score; UCI, Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo RTD,
**Fisher Exact Test
Figure 2Variaciones en la admisión de soldados heridos en combate durante el periodo del estudio (casos por año). Nota: Las víctimas por minas antipersona se incluyen en las víctimas por explosiones.
Procedimientos y admisiones a la UCI por año
| Total | 2011 (n=121) | 2012 (n=142) | 2013 (n=84) | 2014 (n=63) | 2015 (n=32) | 2016 (n=6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Número de soldados que requirieron cirugía de emergencia, n (%) | 235 (100%) | 68 (29%) | 64 (27%) | 40 (17%) | 37 (16%) | 21 (9%) | 5 (2%) |
| Número de soldados que requirieron CCD, n (%) | 72 (100%) | 12 (17%) | 14 (19%) | 8 (11%) | 22 (31%) | 14 (19%) | 2 (3%) |
| Número de soldados que requirieron transfusión de hemoderivados, n (%) | 98 (100%) | 32 (33%) | 30 (31%) | 15 (15%) | 15 (15%) | 4 (4%) | 2 (2%) |
| Número de soldados admitidos a la UCI, n (%) | 108 (100%) | 37 (34%) | 36 (33%) | 16 (15%) | 11 (10%) | 6 (6%) | 2 (2%) |
CCD, Cirugía de Control de daños; UCI, Unidad de cuidado intensivo