Shiv Kumar Viswanathan1,2, Megan J Puckelwartz3, Ashish Mehta4,5,6, Chrishan J A Ramachandra4, Aravindakshan Jagadeesan2, Regina Fritsche-Danielson7, Ratan V Bhat7, Philip Wong4,8,9, Sangeetha Kandoi1,2,10, Jennifer A Schwanekamp1, Gina Kuffel11, Lorenzo L Pesce12, Michael J Zilliox11, U Nalla B Durai13, Rama Shanker Verma10, Robert E Molokie13, Domodhar P Suresh14, Philip R Khoury15, Annie Thomas16, Thriveni Sanagala17, Hak Chiaw Tang9, Richard C Becker1, Ralph Knöll7,18, Winston Shim4,8, Elizabeth M McNally3,19, Sakthivel Sadayappan1,2. 1. Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio. 2. Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. 3. Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 4. National Heart Research Institute Singapore. 5. Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 6. PSC and Phenotyping Laboratory, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia. 7. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Innovative Medicines and Early Development Unit, AstraZeneca Research and Development, Gothenburg, Sweden. 8. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore. 9. Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore. 10. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. 11. Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. 12. Computation Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. 13. Divison of Hematology and Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago. 14. St Elizabeth Physicians Heart and Vascular, Florence, Kentucky. 15. Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio. 16. Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. 17. Department of Cardiology and Echocardiography and Cardiographics, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois. 18. Integrated Cardio-Metabolic Centre, Myocardial Genetics, Karolinska Institutet, University Hospital, Heart and Vascular Theme, Stockholm, Sweden. 19. Associate Editor for Translational Science.
Abstract
Importance: The genetic variant MYBPC3Δ25bp occurs in 4% of South Asian descendants, with an estimated 100 million carriers worldwide. MYBPC3 Δ25bp has been linked to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the high prevalence of MYBPC3Δ25bp suggests that other stressors act in concert with MYBPC3Δ25bp. Objective: To determine whether there are additional genetic factors that contribute to the cardiomyopathic expression of MYBPC3Δ25bp. Design, Setting, andParticipants: South Asian individuals living in the United States were screened for MYBPC3Δ25bp, and a subgroup was clinically evaluated using electrocardiograms and echocardiograms at Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, between January 2015 and July 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Next-generation sequencing of 174 cardiovascular disease genes was applied to identify additional modifying gene mutations and correlate genotype-phenotype parameters. Cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were established and examined to assess the role of MYBPC3Δ25bp. Results: In this genotype-phenotype study, individuals of South Asian descent living in the United States from both sexes (36.23% female) with a mean population age of 48.92 years (range, 18-84 years) were recruited. Genetic screening of 2401 US South Asian individuals found an MYBPC3Δ25bpcarrier frequency of 6%. A higher frequency of missense TTN variation was found in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers compared with noncarriers, identifying distinct genetic backgrounds within the MYBPC3Δ25bp carrier group. Strikingly, 9.6% of MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers also had a novel MYBPC3 variant, D389V. Family studies documented D389V was in tandem on the same allele as MYBPC3Δ25bp, and D389V was only seen in the presence of MYBPC3Δ25bp. In contrast to MYBPC3Δ25bp, MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V was associated with hyperdynamic left ventricular performance (mean [SEM] left ventricular ejection fraction, 66.7 [0.7%]; left ventricular fractional shortening, 36.6 [0.6%]; P < .03) and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited cellular hypertrophy with abnormal Ca2+ transients. Conclusions and Relevance: MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V is associated with hyperdynamic features, which are an early finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thought to reflect an unfavorable energetic state. These findings support that a subset of MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers, those with D389V, account for the increased risk attributed to MYBPC3Δ25bp.
Importance: The genetic variant MYBPC3Δ25bp occurs in 4% of South Asian descendants, with an estimated 100 million carriers worldwide. MYBPC3 Δ25bp has been linked to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. However, the high prevalence of MYBPC3Δ25bp suggests that other stressors act in concert with MYBPC3Δ25bp. Objective: To determine whether there are additional genetic factors that contribute to the cardiomyopathic expression of MYBPC3Δ25bp. Design, Setting, andParticipants: South Asian individuals living in the United States were screened for MYBPC3Δ25bp, and a subgroup was clinically evaluated using electrocardiograms and echocardiograms at Loyola University, Chicago, Illinois, between January 2015 and July 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures: Next-generation sequencing of 174 cardiovascular disease genes was applied to identify additional modifying gene mutations and correlate genotype-phenotype parameters. Cardiomyocytes derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells were established and examined to assess the role of MYBPC3Δ25bp. Results: In this genotype-phenotype study, individuals of South Asian descent living in the United States from both sexes (36.23% female) with a mean population age of 48.92 years (range, 18-84 years) were recruited. Genetic screening of 2401 US South Asian individuals found an MYBPC3Δ25bpcarrier frequency of 6%. A higher frequency of missense TTN variation was found in MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers compared with noncarriers, identifying distinct genetic backgrounds within the MYBPC3Δ25bp carrier group. Strikingly, 9.6% of MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers also had a novel MYBPC3 variant, D389V. Family studies documented D389V was in tandem on the same allele as MYBPC3Δ25bp, and D389V was only seen in the presence of MYBPC3Δ25bp. In contrast to MYBPC3Δ25bp, MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V was associated with hyperdynamic left ventricular performance (mean [SEM] left ventricular ejection fraction, 66.7 [0.7%]; left ventricular fractional shortening, 36.6 [0.6%]; P < .03) and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes exhibited cellular hypertrophy with abnormal Ca2+ transients. Conclusions and Relevance: MYBPC3Δ25bp/D389V is associated with hyperdynamic features, which are an early finding in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and thought to reflect an unfavorable energetic state. These findings support that a subset of MYBPC3Δ25bp carriers, those with D389V, account for the increased risk attributed to MYBPC3Δ25bp.
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