Ali H Mokdad1, Katherine Ballestros1, Michelle Echko1, Scott Glenn1, Helen E Olsen1, Erin Mullany1, Alex Lee1, Abdur Rahman Khan2, Alireza Ahmadi3,4, Alize J Ferrari1,5,6, Amir Kasaeian7, Andrea Werdecker8, Austin Carter1, Ben Zipkin1, Benn Sartorius9,10, Berrin Serdar11, Bryan L Sykes12, Chris Troeger1, Christina Fitzmaurice1,13, Colin D Rehm14, Damian Santomauro1,5,6, Daniel Kim15, Danny Colombara1, David C Schwebel16, Derrick Tsoi1, Dhaval Kolte17, Elaine Nsoesie1, Emma Nichols1, Eyal Oren18, Fiona J Charlson1,5,6, George C Patton19, Gregory A Roth1, H Dean Hosgood20, Harvey A Whiteford1,5,6, Hmwe Kyu1, Holly E Erskine1,5,6, Hsiang Huang21, Ira Martopullo1, Jasvinder A Singh16, Jean B Nachega22,23,24, Juan R Sanabria25,26, Kaja Abbas27, Kanyin Ong1, Karen Tabb28, Kristopher J Krohn1, Leslie Cornaby1, Louisa Degenhardt1,29, Mark Moses1, Maryam Farvid30,31, Max Griswold1, Michael Criqui32, Michelle Bell33, Minh Nguyen1, Mitch Wallin34,35, Mojde Mirarefin1,36, Mostafa Qorbani37, Mustafa Younis38, Nancy Fullman1, Patrick Liu1, Paul Briant1, Philimon Gona39, Rasmus Havmoller4, Ricky Leung40, Ruth Kimokoti41, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi42,43, Simon I Hay1,44, Simon Yadgir1, Stan Biryukov1, Stein Emil Vollset1,45, Tahiya Alam1, Tahvi Frank1, Talha Farid2, Ted Miller46,47, Theo Vos1, Till Bärnighausen48,49,50, Tsegaye Telwelde Gebrehiwot51, Yuichiro Yano52, Ziyad Al-Aly53, Alem Mehari54, Alexis Handal55, Amit Kandel56, Ben Anderson57, Brian Biroscak33,58, Dariush Mozaffarian59, E Ray Dorsey60, Eric L Ding30, Eun-Kee Park61, Gregory Wagner62, Guoqing Hu63, Honglei Chen64, Jacob E Sunshine57, Jagdish Khubchandani65, Janet Leasher66, Janni Leung57,5, Joshua Salomon48, Jurgen Unutzer57, Leah Cahill30,67, Leslie Cooper68, Masako Horino69, Michael Brauer1,70, Nicholas Breitborde71, Peter Hotez72, Roman Topor-Madry73,74, Samir Soneji75, Saverio Stranges76,77, Spencer James1, Stephen Amrock78, Sudha Jayaraman79, Tejas Patel80, Tomi Akinyemiju16, Vegard Skirbekk81,82, Yohannes Kinfu83, Zulfiqar Bhutta84,85, Jost B Jonas86, Christopher J L Murray1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle. 2. University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky. 3. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran. 4. Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. 6. Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia. 7. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, and Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 8. Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Hessen, Germany. 9. Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. 10. UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, South Africa. 11. University of Colorado, Aurora. 12. Departments of Criminology, Law & Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California, Irvine. 13. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle. 14. Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York. 15. Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts. 16. University of Alabama at Birmingham. 17. Division of Cardiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island. 18. Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 19. Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 20. Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York. 21. Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 22. Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 23. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. 24. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 25. Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia. 26. Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 27. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, England. 28. School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 29. National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 30. Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. 31. Harvard/MGH Center on Genomics, Vulnerable Populations, and Health Disparities, Mongan Institute for Health Policy, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 32. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California. 33. Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. 34. VA Medical Center, Washington, DC. 35. Neurology Department, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. 36. Hunger Action Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 37. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran. 38. Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi. 39. University of Massachusetts, Boston. 40. State University of New York, Albany, Rensselaer, New York. 41. Simmons College, Boston, Massachusetts. 42. College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California. 43. David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles. 44. Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 45. Center for Disease Burden, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, and Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. 46. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland. 47. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia. 48. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. 49. Africa Health Research Institute, Mtubatuba, South Africa. 50. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany. 51. Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia. 52. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois. 53. Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri. 54. College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC. 55. University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. 56. University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York. 57. University of Washington, Seattle. 58. University of South Florida, Tampa. 59. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts. 60. University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York. 61. Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, South Korea. 62. Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts. 63. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. 64. Michigan State University, East Lansing. 65. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana. 66. College of Optometry, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. 67. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. 68. Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida. 69. Bureau of Child, Family & Community Wellness, Nevada Division of Public and Behavioral Health, Carson City. 70. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. 71. The Ohio State University, Columbus. 72. College of Medicine, Baylor University, Houston, Texas. 73. Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland. 74. Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. 75. Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire. 76. Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada. 77. Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg. 78. Oregon Health & Science University, Portland. 79. Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond. 80. White Plains Hospital, White Plains, New York. 81. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway. 82. Columbia University, New York, New York. 83. Centre for Research and Action in Public Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia. 84. Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. 85. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. 86. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Abstract
Introduction: Several studies have measured health outcomes in the United States, but none have provided a comprehensive assessment of patterns of health by state. Objective: To use the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to report trends in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors at the state level from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting: A systematic analysis of published studies and available data sources estimates the burden of disease by age, sex, geography, and year. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 causes and 84 risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Results: Between 1990 and 2016, overall death rates in the United States declined from 745.2 (95% UI, 740.6 to 749.8) per 100 000 persons to 578.0 (95% UI, 569.4 to 587.1) per 100 000 persons. The probability of death among adults aged 20 to 55 years declined in 31 states and Washington, DC from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth (81.3 years) and Mississippi had the lowest (74.7 years), a 6.6-year difference. Minnesota had the highest HALE at birth (70.3 years), and West Virginia had the lowest (63.8 years), a 6.5-year difference. The leading causes of DALYs in the United States for 1990 and 2016 were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, while the third leading cause in 1990 was low back pain, and the third leading cause in 2016 was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Opioid use disorders moved from the 11th leading cause of DALYs in 1990 to the 7th leading cause in 2016, representing a 74.5% (95% UI, 42.8% to 93.9%) change. In 2016, each of the following 6 risks individually accounted for more than 5% of risk-attributable DALYs: tobacco consumption, high body mass index (BMI), poor diet, alcohol and drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high blood pressure. Across all US states, the top risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs were due to 1 of the 3 following causes: tobacco consumption (32 states), high BMI (10 states), or alcohol and drug use (8 states). Conclusions and Relevance: There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level. Specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention. These data can be used to inform national health priorities for research, clinical care, and policy.
Introduction: Several studies have measured health outcomes in the United States, but none have provided a comprehensive assessment of patterns of health by state. Objective: To use the results of the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to report trends in the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors at the state level from 1990 to 2016. Design and Setting: A systematic analysis of published studies and available data sources estimates the burden of disease by age, sex, geography, and year. Main Outcomes and Measures: Prevalence, incidence, mortality, life expectancy, healthy life expectancy (HALE), years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 333 causes and 84 risk factors with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were computed. Results: Between 1990 and 2016, overall death rates in the United States declined from 745.2 (95% UI, 740.6 to 749.8) per 100 000 persons to 578.0 (95% UI, 569.4 to 587.1) per 100 000 persons. The probability of death among adults aged 20 to 55 years declined in 31 states and Washington, DC from 1990 to 2016. In 2016, Hawaii had the highest life expectancy at birth (81.3 years) and Mississippi had the lowest (74.7 years), a 6.6-year difference. Minnesota had the highest HALE at birth (70.3 years), and West Virginia had the lowest (63.8 years), a 6.5-year difference. The leading causes of DALYs in the United States for 1990 and 2016 were ischemic heart disease and lung cancer, while the third leading cause in 1990 was low back pain, and the third leading cause in 2016 was chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Opioid use disorders moved from the 11th leading cause of DALYs in 1990 to the 7th leading cause in 2016, representing a 74.5% (95% UI, 42.8% to 93.9%) change. In 2016, each of the following 6 risks individually accounted for more than 5% of risk-attributable DALYs: tobacco consumption, high body mass index (BMI), poor diet, alcohol and drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high blood pressure. Across all US states, the top risk factors in terms of attributable DALYs were due to 1 of the 3 following causes: tobacco consumption (32 states), high BMI (10 states), or alcohol and drug use (8 states). Conclusions and Relevance: There are wide differences in the burden of disease at the state level. Specific diseases and risk factors, such as drug use disorders, high BMI, poor diet, high fasting plasma glucose level, and alcohol use disorders are increasing and warrant increased attention. These data can be used to inform national health priorities for research, clinical care, and policy.
Authors: Gretchen A Stevens; Leontine Alkema; Robert E Black; J Ties Boerma; Gary S Collins; Majid Ezzati; John T Grove; Daniel R Hogan; Margaret C Hogan; Richard Horton; Joy E Lawn; Ana Marušić; Colin D Mathers; Christopher J L Murray; Igor Rudan; Joshua A Salomon; Paul J Simpson; Theo Vos; Vivian Welch Journal: Lancet Date: 2016-06-28 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Sandeep Bodduluri; Arie Nakhmani; Joseph M Reinhardt; Carla G Wilson; Merry-Lynn McDonald; Ramaraju Rudraraju; Byron C Jaeger; Nirav R Bhakta; Peter J Castaldi; Frank C Sciurba; Chengcui Zhang; Purushotham V Bangalore; Surya P Bhatt Journal: JCI Insight Date: 2020-07-09
Authors: Gregory L Sahlem; William V McCall; E Baron Short; Peter B Rosenquist; James B Fox; Nagy A Youssef; Andrew J Manett; Suzanne E Kerns; Morgan M Dancy; Laryssa McCloud; Mark S George; Harold A Sackeim Journal: Brain Stimul Date: 2020-07-29 Impact factor: 8.955
Authors: Edwin A Mitchell; Xiaohan Yan; Shirley You Ren; Tatiana M Anderson; Jan-Marino Ramirez; Juan M Lavista Ferres; Richard Johnston Journal: J Pediatr Date: 2020-02-12 Impact factor: 4.406