Rachel L Denlinger1, Tracy T Smith2, Sharon E Murphy3, Joseph S Koopmeiners4, Neal L Benowitz5, Dorothy K Hatsukami6, Lauren R Pacek7, Cirielle Colino8, Samantha N Cwalina9, Eric C Donny10. 1. Project Manager, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 2. Graduate Student, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 3. Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 4. Assistant Professor, Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 5. Professor, Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. 6. Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN. 7. Lauren R. Pacek, Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 8. Cirielle Colino, Study Coordinator, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. 9. Undergraduate, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. 10. Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Research using very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes has shown that participants underreport use of non-study cigarettes. Biomarkers of nicotine exposure could be used to verify compliance with VLNC cigarettes. This study aimed to characterize biomarkers of exposure when participants exclusively use VLNC cigarettes. METHODS: 23 participants stayed in a hotel that permitted smoking for 5 days and 4 nights. They were provided 2 packs of VLNC cigarettes each day (0.4 mg of nicotine/g of tobacco; Spectrum cigarettes) and did not have access to other tobacco products. 24-hour urine samples were collected to assess exposure to nicotine and anatabine. RESULTS: After 4 days of exclusive use, the geometric means for urinary total cotinine, total nicotine equivalents (TNE), and anatabine were 1.13 nmol/ml (92% reduction), 3.17 nmol/ml (94% reduction) and 0.0031 nmol/ml (93% reduction). The population estimates of the 95th percentile of cotinine, TNE, and anatabine levels were 2.69, 6.41, and 0.0099 nmol/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Study participants exclusively smoking 0.4 mg/g Spectrum cigarettes are unlikely to have biomarker values above these levels. The data presented here will be valuable to researchers conducting research on use of VLNC cigarettes.
OBJECTIVES: Research using very low nicotine content (VLNC) cigarettes has shown that participants underreport use of non-study cigarettes. Biomarkers of nicotine exposure could be used to verify compliance with VLNC cigarettes. This study aimed to characterize biomarkers of exposure when participants exclusively use VLNC cigarettes. METHODS: 23 participants stayed in a hotel that permitted smoking for 5 days and 4 nights. They were provided 2 packs of VLNC cigarettes each day (0.4 mg of nicotine/g of tobacco; Spectrum cigarettes) and did not have access to other tobacco products. 24-hour urine samples were collected to assess exposure to nicotine and anatabine. RESULTS: After 4 days of exclusive use, the geometric means for urinary total cotinine, total nicotine equivalents (TNE), and anatabine were 1.13 nmol/ml (92% reduction), 3.17 nmol/ml (94% reduction) and 0.0031 nmol/ml (93% reduction). The population estimates of the 95th percentile of cotinine, TNE, and anatabine levels were 2.69, 6.41, and 0.0099 nmol/ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Study participants exclusively smoking 0.4 mg/g Spectrum cigarettes are unlikely to have biomarker values above these levels. The data presented here will be valuable to researchers conducting research on use of VLNC cigarettes.
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