Julian Alcazar1, Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez1, Ignacio Ara1, Ana Alfaro-Acha2, Irene Rodríguez-Gómez1, Roberto Navarro-Cruz1, Jose Losa-Reyna2, Francisco J García-García2, Luis M Alegre3. 1. GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain. 2. CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain; Hospital Virgen del Valle, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain. 3. GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain; CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: luis.alegre@uclm.es.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. METHODS: Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70-85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (Pmax) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. RESULTS: While some subjects showed a force deficit (FDEF), others presented a velocity deficit (VDEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30-1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the VDEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76-1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at Pmax, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at Pmax, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative Pmax (p = 0.075). CONCLUSION: Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
INTRODUCTION: The actual mechanisms leading to a reduced muscle power and functional ability in older adults are poorly understood. We investigated the association between different force-velocity (F-V) profiles and impaired muscle power, physical and cognitive function, frailty, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older people. METHODS: Physical function (habitual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, sit-to-stand and stair-climbing ability), cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty were evaluated in 31 older subjects (70-85 years). The F-V relationship and maximal muscle power (Pmax) were assessed in the leg press exercise. The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and fat index, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time were obtained from DXA scans and accelerometry, respectively. RESULTS: While some subjects showed a force deficit (FDEF), others presented a velocity deficit (VDEF), both leading to an impaired muscle power [Effect size (ES) = 1.30-1.44], and to a likely-very likely moderate harmful effect in their physical and cognitive function, HRQoL and frailty levels (except the VDEF group for cognitive function) [ES = 0.76-1.05]. Leg muscle mass and specific force were similarly associated with force at Pmax, while MVPA but not sedentary time was related to fat index, force at Pmax, and power values (all p < 0.05). A trend was found for the negative association between fat index and relative Pmax (p = 0.075). CONCLUSION: Older subjects exhibited different mechanisms (force vs. velocity deficits) leading to impaired muscle power. Both deficits were associated with a lower physical function and quality of life, and a higher frailty, whereas only a force deficit was associated with a lower cognitive function. Interventions aimed at reversing age- and/or disuse-related impairments of muscle power might evaluate the specific responsible mechanism and act accordingly.
Authors: Henning T Langer; Agata A Mossakowski; Keith Baar; Julian Alcazar; Marcos Martin-Rincon; Luis M Alegre; Ignacio Ara; Jose A L Calbet; J Mathew Hinkley; Paul M Coen; Brian A Irving; Timothy D Allerton; Sreekumaran Nair; Ricardo M Lima; Juan Pablo Rey-López; David Scott; Robin M Daly; Peter R Ebeling; Alan Hayes; Anne-Julie Tessier; Stéphanie Chevalier; Brandon A Yates; LeAndra R Brown; Thomas W Storer; Wayne L Westcott; Artemissia-Phoebe Nifli; Robert V Musci; Adam R Konopka; Karyn L Hamilton; Russell T Hepple Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2019-01-01
Authors: Julian Alcazar; Fernando Pareja-Blanco; Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Hector Gutierrez-Reguero; Juan Sanchez-Valdepeñas; Pedro J Cornejo-Daza; Ignacio Ara; Luis M Alegre Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2022-07-21 Impact factor: 3.346
Authors: Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez; Julian Alcazar; Jose Losa-Reyna; Noelia Maria Martin-Espinosa; Ivan Baltasar-Fernandez; Ignacio Ara; Robert Csapo; Luis M Alegre Journal: Front Physiol Date: 2021-02-18 Impact factor: 4.566
Authors: Irene Rodríguez-Gómez; Asier Mañas; José Losa-Reyna; Luis M Alegre; Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas; Francisco J García-García; Ignacio Ara Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2020-12-29 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo; Jorge Miguel González-Hernández; Amador García-Ramos; Abraham López-Vivancos; Pedro Jiménez-Reyes Journal: PeerJ Date: 2019-08-20 Impact factor: 2.984