PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the virtual reality (VR) and external cold and vibration methods on pain scores in children aged 7 to 12 years during phlebotomy. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study. METHODS: The sample of children (n = 121) was allocated to the groups (group 1, VR; group 2, external cold and vibration; group 3, control) by blocked randomization. Pain scores were assessed after the phlebotomy using self-report, parent's reports, report from the nurse who attempted the phlebotomy, and researchers' report with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. FINDINGS:Pain scores were determined to be lower in groups 1 and 2. Although there was no difference between the groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 or 2 and group 3 based on all pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that VR and external cold and vibration are effective in reducing the pain in 7- to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy. VR can be used safely for the pain management of children who are growing up in the age of technology.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the virtual reality (VR) and external cold and vibration methods on pain scores in children aged 7 to 12 years during phlebotomy. DESIGN: A randomized controlled study. METHODS: The sample of children (n = 121) was allocated to the groups (group 1, VR; group 2, external cold and vibration; group 3, control) by blocked randomization. Pain scores were assessed after the phlebotomy using self-report, parent's reports, report from the nurse who attempted the phlebotomy, and researchers' report with the Wong-Baker FACES scale. FINDINGS:Pain scores were determined to be lower in groups 1 and 2. Although there was no difference between the groups 1 and 2, a statistically significant difference was found between groups 1 or 2 and group 3 based on all pain scores. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that VR and external cold and vibration are effective in reducing the pain in 7- to 12-year-old children during phlebotomy. VR can be used safely for the pain management of children who are growing up in the age of technology.
Authors: Robin Eijlers; Elisabeth M W J Utens; Lonneke M Staals; Pieter F A de Nijs; Johan M Berghmans; René M H Wijnen; Manon H J Hillegers; Bram Dierckx; Jeroen S Legerstee Journal: Anesth Analg Date: 2019-11 Impact factor: 5.108
Authors: Marta Lluesma-Vidal; Raquel Carcelén González; Cayetana Ruiz-Zaldibar; Laura García-Garcés; María I Sánchez-López; Loreto Peyro Journal: JMIR Serious Games Date: 2022-08-09 Impact factor: 3.364
Authors: Lisa Goudman; Julie Jansen; Ann De Smedt; Maxime Billot; Manuel Roulaud; Philippe Rigoard; Maarten Moens Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2022-10-05 Impact factor: 4.964