Katherine A Bell1, Carol L Wagner2, Wei Perng3, Henry A Feldman4, Roman J Shypailo5, Mandy B Belfort6. 1. Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: kbell7@partners.org. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. 3. Departments of Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. 4. Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA. 5. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX. 6. Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of body mass index (BMI) and age- and sex-standardized BMI z-score (BMIZ) as surrogates for adiposity (body fat percentage [BF%], fat mass, and fat mass index [kg/m2]) at 3 time points in infancy (1, 4, and 7 months) and to assess the extent to which the change in BMIZ represents change in adiposity. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of 447 full-term infants in a previous trial of maternal vitamin D supplementation during lactation. Study staff measured infant anthropometrics and assessed body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 1, 4, and 7 months of age. We calculated Spearman correlations (rs) among BMI, BMIZ, and adiposity at each time point, and between change in BMIZ and change in adiposity between time points. RESULTS: Infants (N = 447) were 52% male, 38% white, 31% black, and 29% Hispanic. The BMIZ was moderately correlated with BF% (rs = 0.43, 0.55, 0.48 at 1, 4, and 7 months of age, respectively). BMIZ correlated more strongly with fat mass and fat mass index, particularly at 4 and 7 months of age (fat mass rs = 0.72-0.76; fat mass index rs = 0.75-0.79). Changes in BMIZ were moderately correlated with adiposity changes from 1 to 4 months of age (rs = 0.44 with BF% change; rs = 0.53 with fat mass change), but only weakly correlated from 4 to 7 months of age (rs = 0.21 with BF% change; rs = 0.27 with fat mass change). CONCLUSIONS: BMIZ is moderately correlated with adiposity in infancy. Changes in BMIZ are a poor indicator of adiposity changes in later infancy. BMI and BMIZ are limited as surrogates for adiposity and especially adiposity changes in infancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00412074.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the validity of body mass index (BMI) and age- and sex-standardized BMI z-score (BMIZ) as surrogates for adiposity (body fat percentage [BF%], fat mass, and fat mass index [kg/m2]) at 3 time points in infancy (1, 4, and 7 months) and to assess the extent to which the change in BMIZ represents change in adiposity. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a secondary analysis of 447 full-term infants in a previous trial of maternal vitamin D supplementation during lactation. Study staff measured infant anthropometrics and assessed body composition with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at 1, 4, and 7 months of age. We calculated Spearman correlations (rs) among BMI, BMIZ, and adiposity at each time point, and between change in BMIZ and change in adiposity between time points. RESULTS:Infants (N = 447) were 52% male, 38% white, 31% black, and 29% Hispanic. The BMIZ was moderately correlated with BF% (rs = 0.43, 0.55, 0.48 at 1, 4, and 7 months of age, respectively). BMIZ correlated more strongly with fat mass and fat mass index, particularly at 4 and 7 months of age (fat mass rs = 0.72-0.76; fat mass index rs = 0.75-0.79). Changes in BMIZ were moderately correlated with adiposity changes from 1 to 4 months of age (rs = 0.44 with BF% change; rs = 0.53 with fat mass change), but only weakly correlated from 4 to 7 months of age (rs = 0.21 with BF% change; rs = 0.27 with fat mass change). CONCLUSIONS:BMIZ is moderately correlated with adiposity in infancy. Changes in BMIZ are a poor indicator of adiposity changes in later infancy. BMI and BMIZ are limited as surrogates for adiposity and especially adiposity changes in infancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00412074.
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