Pablo E Brockmann1, Felipe Damiani2, Eduardo Pincheira3, Francisca Daiber4, Sergio Ruiz5, Francisco Aboitiz4, Raffaele Ferri6, Oliviero Bruni7. 1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Electronic address: pbrockmann@med.puc.cl. 2. Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Pulmonology, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 3. Sleep Medicine Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 4. Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory for Brain-Machine Interfaces and Neuromodulation, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. 6. Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging (IRCCS), Troina, Italy. 7. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess spindle activity as possible markers for neurocognitive consequences in children with mild obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS: Children aged 6-11 years diagnosed with mild OSA (i.e., an apnea hypopnea index <5.0) were recruited and compared with age and gender-matched healthy controls. Polysomnographic recordings were analyzed for sleep microstructure and spindle activity. All children completed also an intelligence test battery (i.e., the Wechsler intelligence test for children, 4th version). RESULTS: Nineteen children with OSA (13 boys, mean age 7.1 ± 1.4 y), and 14 controls (7 boys, mean age 8.1 ± 1.9 y) were included. Mean IQ was 110 ± 12 for the complete sample, in children with OSA 111 ± 13, and in controls 108 ± 12 (p = 0.602). Controls showed a higher spindle index in N2 stage than children with OSA: 143.0 ± 42.5 vs 89.5 ± 56.9, respectively (p = 0.003). Spindle index in NREM was strongly and significantly correlated with Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index (PSI), and total IQ in children with OSA. CONCLUSIONS: Children with mild OSA demonstrate a different pattern of sleep spindle activity that seems to be linked with neurocognitive performance, especially concerning memory. Sleep spindle activity seems to be involved with mechanisms related with neurocognitive consequences in children with OSA.
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess spindle activity as possible markers for neurocognitive consequences in children with mild obstructive sleep apnea. METHODS:Children aged 6-11 years diagnosed with mild OSA (i.e., an apnea hypopnea index <5.0) were recruited and compared with age and gender-matched healthy controls. Polysomnographic recordings were analyzed for sleep microstructure and spindle activity. All children completed also an intelligence test battery (i.e., the Wechsler intelligence test for children, 4th version). RESULTS: Nineteen children with OSA (13 boys, mean age 7.1 ± 1.4 y), and 14 controls (7 boys, mean age 8.1 ± 1.9 y) were included. Mean IQ was 110 ± 12 for the complete sample, in children with OSA 111 ± 13, and in controls 108 ± 12 (p = 0.602). Controls showed a higher spindle index in N2 stage than children with OSA: 143.0 ± 42.5 vs 89.5 ± 56.9, respectively (p = 0.003). Spindle index in NREM was strongly and significantly correlated with Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index (PSI), and total IQ in children with OSA. CONCLUSIONS:Children with mild OSA demonstrate a different pattern of sleep spindle activity that seems to be linked with neurocognitive performance, especially concerning memory. Sleep spindle activity seems to be involved with mechanisms related with neurocognitive consequences in children with OSA.
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