Lourdes M DelRosso1, Maria P Mogavero2, Raffaele Ferri3, Oliviero Bruni4. 1. Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. 2. Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Pavia, Via Salvatore Maugeri 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy. 3. Sleep Research Centre, Department of Neurology I.C., Oasi Research Institute - IRCCS, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018, Troina, Italy. rferri@oasi.en.it. 4. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University, Via dei Marsi 78, 00185, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is a recently identified pediatric sleep disorder characterized by frequent movements during sleep associated with daytime symptoms. In this review we summarize the expanding evidence of the clinical presentation of RSD, potential pathophysiology, associated comorbidities, and current treatment options that will help the pediatrician identify children with RSD in a timely manner. RECENT FINDINGS: RSD is diagnosed in 7.7% of children referred evaluated in a pediatric sleep center. Children with RSD present with frequent nightly movements during sleep for at least 3 months, and have daytime symptoms related to poor sleep quality including excessive sleepiness, hyperactivity, irritability among other symptoms. Current evidence shows an increased sympathetic predominance, increased NREM sleep instability, and iron deficiency, as well as increased prevalence in parasomnias and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Consensus diagnostic criteria were recently published to diagnose RSD and emergent evidence suggests that iron supplementation improves its nighttime and daytime symptoms.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is a recently identified pediatric sleep disorder characterized by frequent movements during sleep associated with daytime symptoms. In this review we summarize the expanding evidence of the clinical presentation of RSD, potential pathophysiology, associated comorbidities, and current treatment options that will help the pediatrician identify children with RSD in a timely manner. RECENT FINDINGS: RSD is diagnosed in 7.7% of children referred evaluated in a pediatric sleep center. Children with RSD present with frequent nightly movements during sleep for at least 3 months, and have daytime symptoms related to poor sleep quality including excessive sleepiness, hyperactivity, irritability among other symptoms. Current evidence shows an increased sympathetic predominance, increased NREM sleep instability, and iron deficiency, as well as increased prevalence in parasomnias and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Consensus diagnostic criteria were recently published to diagnose RSD and emergent evidence suggests that iron supplementation improves its nighttime and daytime symptoms.
Authors: Shalini Paruthi; Lee J Brooks; Carolyn D'Ambrosio; Wendy A Hall; Suresh Kotagal; Robin M Lloyd; Beth A Malow; Kiran Maski; Cynthia Nichols; Stuart F Quan; Carol L Rosen; Matthew M Troester; Merrill S Wise Journal: J Clin Sleep Med Date: 2016-06-15 Impact factor: 4.062
Authors: Lourdes M DelRosso; Raffaele Ferri; Richard P Allen; Oliviero Bruni; Diego Garcia-Borreguero; Suresh Kotagal; Judith A Owens; Patricio Peirano; Narong Simakajornboon; Daniel L Picchietti Journal: Sleep Med Date: 2020-08-17 Impact factor: 3.492