Literature DB >> 29416884

3-{(E)-[4-(4-Hy-droxy-3-meth-oxy-phen-yl)butan-2-yl-idene]amino}-1-phenyl-urea: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Ming Yueh Tan1, Karen A Crouse2,3, Thahira B S A Ravoof2, Mukesh M Jotani4, Edward R T Tiekink5.   

Abstract

Two independent mol-ecules (A and B) comprise the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H21N3O3. The urea moiety is disubstituted with one amine being linked to a phenyl ring, which is twisted out of the plane of the CN2O urea core [dihedral angles = 25.57 (11) (A) and 29.13 (10)° (B)]. The second amine is connected to an imine (E conformation), which is linked in turn to an ethane bridge that links a disubstituted benzene ring. Intra-molecular amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and hydroxyl-O-H⋯O(meth-oxy) hydrogen bonds close S(5) loops in each case. The mol-ecules have twisted conformations with the dihedral angles between the outer rings being 38.64 (81) (A) and 48.55 (7)° (B). In the crystal, amide-N-H⋯O(amide) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules A and B via an eight-membered {⋯HNCO}2 synthon. Further associations between mol-ecules, leading to supra-molecular layers in the ac plane, are hydrogen bonds of the type hydroxyl-O-H⋯N(imine) and phenyl-amine-N-H⋯O(meth-oxy). Connections between layers, leading to a three-dimensional architecture, comprise benzene-C-H⋯O(hy-droxy) inter-actions. A detailed analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surfaces shows mol-ecules A and B participate in very similar inter-molecular inter-actions and that any variations relate to conformational differences between the mol-ecules.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Hirshfeld surface analysis; crystal structure; hydrogen bonding; urea derivative

Year:  2018        PMID: 29416884      PMCID: PMC5778478          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Semicarbazones belong to the general class of mol­ecules termed Schiff bases and are prepared from condensation of semicarbazides with aldehydes/ketones. They have attracted considerable attention due to their wide spectrum of bio­logical activities, including anti-convulsant (Pandey & Srivastava, 2010 ▸), anti-tubercular (Sriram et al., 2004 ▸), anti-cancer (Ali et al., 2012 ▸) and anti-microbial (Beraldo & Gambino, 2004 ▸). Actually, they have been investigated extensively for their anti-convulsant properties with 4-(4-fluoro­phen­oxy)benz­aldehyde semicarbazone, in particular, attracting attention as a potent anti-epileptic drug over the past 15 years (Pandeya, 2012 ▸). Recently, the crystal structures of related chalcone-derived thio­semicarbazones and their transition metal complexes have been reported (Tan et al., 2015 ▸, 2017 ▸). In this contribution, aryl semicarbazide is introduced with vanillyl­acetone, which led to the formation of the title compound. Vanillylacetone is one of the active components of ginger and possesses strong anti-oxidant and chemopreventive properties (Kıyak et al., 2015 ▸). The structural elucidation of such compounds has not been extensively investigated. In order to redress this, herein the crystal and mol­ecular structures of the title compound, (I), are described along with an analysis of the calculated Hirshfeld surface in order to ascertain more details of the supra­molecular association operating in the crystal.

Structural commentary

Two independent mol­ecules, A and B, comprise the asymmetric unit of (I) and these are shown in Fig. 1 ▸. Each mol­ecule features a disubstituted urea mol­ecule with one amine group connected to a phenyl ring and the other linked to a disubstituted imine group, with the longer side-chain carrying an ethane chain terminating with a disubstituted benzene ring. The four atoms comprising the urea core are strictly planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0041 Å [0.0043 for the O4-mol­ecule, mol­ecule B]. The phenyl ring is inclined to this plane, forming a dihedral angle of 25.57 (11)° [29.13 (10)° for mol­ecule B]. Intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds are found within the urea residues, Table 1 ▸. A significant kink in the mol­ecule occurs in the ethane bridge, as seen in the value of −157.88 (16)° for the C8—C9—C10C11 torsion angle [C26—C27—C28—C29 = 162.93 (17)° for B]. As a result, the mol­ecule is twisted with the terminal rings inclined to each other, forming a (C2–C7)/(C11–C16) dihedral angle of 38.64 (8)° [(C20–C25)/(C29–C34) = 48.55 (7)° for B]. The latter represents the major difference between mol­ecules A and B, as illustrated in the overlay diagram shown in Fig. 2 ▸. In each of the disubstituted benzene rings, the hydroxyl-H atom is orientated to allow the formation of intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the meth­oxy-O atom, Table 1 ▸. The conformation about the imine bond [N3=C8 = 1.281 (2) and N6=C26 = 1.276 (2) Å] is E in each mol­ecule. Finally, each of the meth­oxy substituents is twisted out of the plane of the ring to which it is bonded [C18—O2—C13—C12 = 11.7 (3) and C36—O5—C31—C30 = −16.5 (3)°].
Figure 1

The mol­ecular structures of the two independent mol­ecules comprising the asymmetric unit of (I), showing the atom-labelling scheme and displacement ellipsoids at the 70% probability level.

Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

Cg1, Cg2 and Cg3 are the centroids of the C2–C7, C29–C34 and C20–C25 rings, respectively.

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1N⋯N30.86 (2)2.18 (2)2.635 (2)113 (2)
N4—H4N⋯N60.86 (2)2.23 (2)2.637 (2)109 (1)
O3—H3O⋯O20.84 (2)2.29 (3)2.660 (2)107 (2)
O6—H6O⋯O50.84 (2)2.28 (2)2.663 (2)108 (2)
O3—H3O⋯N6i 0.84 (2)2.19 (2)2.994 (2)161 (2)
O6—H6O⋯N3ii 0.84 (2)2.22 (2)3.013 (2)157 (2)
N2—H2N⋯O4iii 0.88 (2)2.01 (2)2.873 (2)170 (2)
N4—H4N⋯O2i 0.86 (2)2.54 (2)3.390 (2)167 (2)
N5—H5N⋯O1iv 0.88 (2)2.04 (2)2.900 (2)169 (2)
C33—H33⋯O6v 0.952.543.212 (2)128
C15—H15⋯O3vi 0.952.633.166 (2)113
C33—H33⋯O6i 0.952.543.212 (2)128
C10—H10ACg1vii 0.992.803.774 (2)168
C18—H18ACg2ii 0.982.663.603 (4)161
C28—H28BCg3viii 0.992.753.720 (2)166

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) ; (v) ; (vi) ; (vii) ; (viii) .

Figure 2

Overlay diagram for (I), with the O1-mol­ecule (red image) and O4-mol­ecule (blue image) superimposed so that the urea residues are coincident.

Supra­molecular features

Conventional O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding features significantly in the mol­ecular packing of (I), Table 1 ▸, and this is highlighted in Fig. 3 ▸ a. The two mol­ecules comprising the asymmetric unit associate via an eight-membered amide synthon, {⋯OCNH}2. The hy­droxy-O—H groups at each end of the dimeric aggregate hydrogen bond to an imine-N atom of the other independent mol­ecule. The hydroxyl-O3—H⋯N6(imine) inter­action is incorporated within a 10-membered {⋯HOC2O⋯HNCNN} heterosynthon owing to the formation of a relatively weak phenyl­amine-N4—H⋯O2(meth­oxy) hydrogen bond. The putative phenyl­amine-N1—H⋯O5(meth­oxy) hydrogen bond is beyond the standard limits (Spek, 2009 ▸) as the H⋯O separation is 2.73 Å. As seen in Fig. 3 ▸ b, these hydrogen bonds extend laterally to from an array in (101). The most obvious connections between the supra­molecular layers are of the type benzene-C—H⋯O(hydrox­yl), which occur between centrosymmetrically related O6-benzene rings. A view of the unit-cell contents highlighting the stacking of layers is shown in Fig. 3 ▸ c. Other C—H⋯O and several C—H⋯π inter­actions occur in the crystal but within the layers stabilized by hydrogen bonding. These and other weak inter­actions are discussed in more detail in Analysis of the Hirshfeld surface (§4).
Figure 3

The mol­ecular packing in (I): (a) a detail of the supra­molecular association sustained by O—H⋯N and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, shown as orange and blue dashed lines, respectively, (b) a view of the supra­molecular layer in the ac plane, and (c) a view of the unit-cell contents shown in projection down the b axis. The C—H⋯O inter­actions are shown as green dashed lines, and one layer is highlighted in space-filling mode.

Analysis of the Hirshfeld surface

The Hirshfeld surface was calculated for the individual O1- and O4-mol­ecules in (I), i.e. mol­ecules A and B, and for overall (I) in accord with a recent report on a related mol­ecule (Tan et al., 2017 ▸). These calculations provide additional information about the influence of weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions, Table 1 ▸, along with short inter­atomic H⋯H, C⋯H/H⋯C and O⋯H/H⋯O contacts, Table 2 ▸, on the mol­ecular packing in the crystal.
Table 2

Summary of short inter­atomic contacts (Å) in (I)

ContactDistanceSymmetry operation
H3⋯H212.16  − x, − + y,  − z
H28A⋯H35A 2.24  − x, − + y,  − z
O1⋯H222.50  − x, − + y,  − z
O2⋯H27B 2.561 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
O3⋯H152.63x, 2 − y, 1 − z
O3⋯C153.166 (2)x, 2 − y, 1 − z
O3⋯H232.581 − x, 2 − y, 1 − z
O4⋯H162.581 + x, −1 + y, z
O5⋯H9A 2.461 − x, −y, 1 − z
C6⋯H10A 2.63 x, −1 + y, z
C15⋯H36C 2.551 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
C16⋯H36C 2.801 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
C24⋯H28B 2.63 x, 1 + y, z
C32⋯H18A 2.761 − x, − y, 1 − z
C33⋯H18A 2.621 − x, − y, 1 − z
C34⋯H18A 2.781 − x, − y, 1 − z
C35⋯H18B 2.71  + x,  − y, − + z
C36⋯H9A 2.801 − x, − y, 1 − z
C6⋯C63.210 (3)1 − x, − y, 1 − z
C24⋯C243.300 (3)2 − x, 1 − y, 1 − z
The bright-red spots appearing near the hydroxyl-H3O and H6O, and imine-N3 and N6 atoms on the Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over d norm shown with labels ‘1’ and ‘2’ in Fig. 4 ▸ represent the donors and acceptors of inter­molecular hydroxyl-O—H⋯N(imine) hydrogen bonds, respectively, Table 1 ▸. In the same way, the prominent red regions near the amide-H2N and H5N, and amide-O1 and O4 atoms, i.e. ‘3’ and ‘4’ in Fig. 4 ▸, indicate their participation in the inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the symmetry-related independent mol­ecules, Table 1 ▸. The donors and acceptors of comparatively weak inter­molecular N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions summarized in Table 1 ▸ are viewed as faint-red spots near the respective atoms on d norm-mapped Hirshfeld surfaces with labels ‘5–7’ in Fig. 4 ▸.
Figure 4

Views of the Hirshfeld surface for (I) mapped over d norm in the ranges (a) −0.150 to +1.462 au for the O1-containing mol­ecule and (b) −0.215 to + 1.462 au for the O4-mol­ecule.

The presence of diminutive red spots viewed near phenyl atoms C6 in Fig. 4 ▸ a and C24 in Fig. 4 ▸ b, of the independent mol­ecules, respectively, reflect short inter­atomic edge-to-edge C⋯C contacts, Table 2 ▸, although they contribute a very low contribution, i.e. 0.1%, to the Hirshfeld surface owing to the absence of π–π stacking between aromatic rings in the crystal, Table 3 ▸. The faint-red spots appearing near the labelled H10A, H18A, C28, C6, C33 and C24 atoms in the images of Fig. 4 ▸ represent their participation in short inter­atomic C⋯H/H⋯C contacts, Table 2 ▸, and confirm the influence of the inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions, Table 1 ▸, in the crystal. In addition to these short inter­atomic C⋯H/H⋯C contacts, the faint-red spots near the C15 O1, H9A and H18B atoms, Fig. 4 ▸ a, and O5, C35, H22 and H36C atoms, Fig. 4 ▸ b, indicate the contributions from the additional short inter­atomic C⋯H/H⋯C and O⋯H/H⋯O contacts, Table 2 ▸, to the mol­ecular packing.
Table 3

Percentage contributions of inter­atomic contacts to the Hirshfeld surface for the O1-mol­ecule, the O4-mol­ecule and for overall (I)

Contact Percentage contribution
 O1-mol­eculeO4-mol­ecule(I)
H⋯H49.549.448.7
O⋯H/H⋯O16.417.517.8
N⋯H/H⋯N7.47.37.7
C⋯H/H⋯C26.325.725.5
C⋯C0.10.10.1
O⋯O0.20.00.1
C⋯O/O⋯C0.10.00.1
On the Hirshfeld surfaces mapped over the electrostatic potential for the independent mol­ecules of (I), Fig. 5 ▸, the donors and acceptors of inter­molecular inter­actions are represented with blue and red regions corresponding to positive and negative electrostatic potentials, respectively. The views of Hirshfeld surfaces about reference independent mol­ecules of (I) mapped within the shape-index property, Fig. 6 ▸, highlight the short inter­atomic C⋯H/H⋯C and C—H⋯π/π⋯H—C contacts operating in the crystal.
Figure 5

Views of the Hirshfeld surface for (I) mapped over the electrostatic potential in the range −0.103 to + 0.141 au for the (a) O1-containing mol­ecule and (b) the O4-mol­ecule. The red and blue regions represent negative and positive electrostatic potentials, respectively.

Figure 6

Views of the shape-indexed Hirshfeld surfaces about reference mol­ecules highlighting dominant short inter­atomic C—H/H—C and C—H⋯π/π⋯H—C inter­actions for the (a) O1-containing mol­ecule and (b) the O4-mol­ecule.

It is clear from the overall two-dimensional fingerprint plots for each independent mol­ecule and for the entire asymmetric unit of (I) shown in Fig. 7 ▸ that the individual mol­ecules have common features in their inter­molecular O—H⋯N, N—H⋯O and C—H⋯π inter­actions. The small differences in the distribution of points in the fingerprint plots delineated into H⋯H, O⋯H/H⋯O, N⋯H/H⋯N and C⋯H/H⋯C contacts (McKinnon et al., 2007 ▸) in Fig. 7 ▸, are ascribed to the commented upon (§3) conformational differences, i.e. the twisting of the meth­oxy substituents on the respective benzene rings and the inclination of these benzene rings with respect to the ethane bridges.
Figure 7

The full two-dimensional fingerprint plot and those delineated into H⋯H, O⋯H/H⋯O, N⋯H/H⋯N and C⋯H/H⋯C contacts for the (a) O1-containing mol­ecule, (b) the O4-mol­ecule and (c) (I).

The fingerprint plot delineated into H⋯H contacts for mol­ecules A and B have almost the same percentage contribution to their respective Hirshfeld surfaces, Table 3 ▸, and the distinct distributions in the upper regions of the plots are due to the contributions from hydrogen atoms of their respective disubstituted benzene rings to the surfaces of mol­ecules A and B. The single short peaks at d e + d i ∼ 2.1 Å in the delineated plots for both the mol­ecules indicate the involvement of hydrogen atoms of both in short inter­atomic H⋯H contacts, Table 2 ▸. The inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds in the crystal are characterized as the pairs of spikes with their tips at d e + d i ∼ 2.0 Å (inner region) and at ∼ 2.2 Å (outer region) in the fingerprint plots delineated into O⋯H/H⋯O and N⋯H/H⋯N contacts, respectively. The forceps-like distribution of points linked with the donor spike for mol­ecule A and the acceptor spike for mol­ecule B at d e + d i ∼ 2.5 Å in the fingerprint plots delineated into O⋯H/H⋯O contacts are due to weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions and the short inter­atomic contacts summarized in Table 2 ▸. The asymmetric forceps-like distribution of points with the tips at d e + d i ∼ 2.6 Å in the acceptor and donor regions of fingerprint plots delineated into C⋯H/H⋯C contacts for mol­ecules A and B, respectively, represent the involvement of these atoms in the short inter­atomic C⋯H/H⋯C contacts, Table 2 ▸, whereas the inter­molecular C—H⋯π inter­actions are viewed as the forceps-like tips at d e + d i ∼ 2.7 Å in the donor and acceptor regions of mol­ecules A and B, respectively. The other C⋯O/O⋯C, O⋯O and C⋯C inter­atomic contacts summarized in Table 3 ▸, having only small contributions to the Hirshfeld surface, have negligible directional impact on the mol­ecular packing.

Database survey

There are no direct precedents for the structure of (I) in the crystallographic literature (Groom et al., 2016 ▸). However, there are several precedents for the phenyl­semicarbazone residue with the imine-carbon atom incorporated within an all-carbon ring (Groth, 1980 ▸; Hoek van den et al., 1980 ▸), as exemplified in the cyclo­decane derivative (II) (Groth, 1980 ▸; Hoek van den et al., 1980 ▸), see Scheme 2 for the chemical diagram of (II). More exotic derivatives with cyclic residues at both ends of the semicarbazone core are also known (Behenna et al., 2011 ▸; Ma et al., 2014 ▸), as exemplified by (III) (Ma et al., 2014 ▸), Scheme 2.

Synthesis and crystallization

Analytical grade reagents were used as procured without further purification. 4-Phenyl­semicarbazide (1.51 g, 0.01 mol) and vanillylacetone (1.94 g, 0.01 mol) were dissolved sep­arately in hot absolute ethanol (30 ml) and mixed with stirring. The reaction mixture was heated and stirred for 20 min., then stirred for another 30 min. at room temperature. The resulting white precipitate was filtered off, washed with cold absolute ethanol and dried in vacuo; yield: 75%. Light-yellow prisms of (I) were grown at room temperature from slow evaporation of mixed solvents of ethanol and aceto­nitrile (1:1; v/v 20 ml). IR (cm−1): 3201 ν(N—H), 1670 ν(C=N), 1213 ν(C—N), 1026 ν(C=O). MS m/z: 327.25 [M+1]+

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 4 ▸. The carbon-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions (C—H = 0.95–0.99 Å) and were included in the refinement in the riding-model approximation, with U iso(H) set to 1.2–1.5U eq(C). The oxygen- and nitro­gen-bound H atoms were located in a difference-Fourier map but were refined with distance restraints of O—H = 0.84±0.01 Å and N—H = 0.88±0.01 Å, and with U iso(H) set to 1.5U eq(O) and 1.2U eq(N), respectively. The maximum and minimum residual electron density peaks of 0.60 and 0.26 e Å−3, respectively, were located 0.95 and 0.75 Å from atoms H10A and H36A, respectively.
Table 4

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC18H21N3O3
M r 327.37
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/n
Temperature (K)100
a, b, c (Å)16.5464 (4), 9.2184 (2), 22.3975 (4)
β (°)100.494 (2)
V3)3359.18 (13)
Z 8
Radiation typeCu Kα
μ (mm−1)0.73
Crystal size (mm)0.25 × 0.16 × 0.06
 
Data collection
DiffractometerOxford Diffraction Xcaliber Eos Gemini
Absorption correctionMulti-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2011)
T min, T max 0.917, 1.000
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections23815, 6481, 5581
R int 0.019
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.615
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.059, 0.180, 1.05
No. of reflections6481
No. of parameters455
No. of restraints6
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)0.60, −0.26

Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Agilent, 2011 ▸), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015 ▸), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 2012 ▸), DIAMOND (Brandenburg, 2006 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I, global. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273/hb7720sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273/hb7720Isup2.hkl Click here for additional data file. Supporting information file. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989017017273/hb7720Isup3.cml CCDC reference: 926756 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C18H21N3O3F(000) = 1392
Mr = 327.37Dx = 1.295 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nCu Kα radiation, λ = 1.5418 Å
a = 16.5464 (4) ÅCell parameters from 9245 reflections
b = 9.2184 (2) Åθ = 3.7–71.3°
c = 22.3975 (4) ŵ = 0.73 mm1
β = 100.494 (2)°T = 100 K
V = 3359.18 (13) Å3Prism (cut), light-yellow
Z = 80.25 × 0.16 × 0.06 mm
Oxford Diffraction Xcaliber Eos Gemini diffractometer6481 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube5581 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.019
Detector resolution: 16.1952 pixels mm-1θmax = 71.4°, θmin = 3.7°
ω scansh = −20→20
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Agilent, 2011)k = −11→11
Tmin = 0.917, Tmax = 1.000l = −26→27
23815 measured reflections
Refinement on F26 restraints
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.180w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1131P)2 + 1.5134P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.05(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
6481 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.60 e Å3
455 parametersΔρmin = −0.26 e Å3
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.50355 (7)0.34300 (14)0.28183 (6)0.0292 (3)
O20.22012 (9)0.87251 (16)0.56672 (6)0.0386 (4)
O30.09139 (8)1.04987 (16)0.54412 (6)0.0350 (3)
H3O0.1190 (15)1.034 (3)0.5787 (7)0.053*
N10.40785 (9)0.29389 (16)0.34177 (6)0.0253 (3)
H1N0.3694 (10)0.337 (2)0.3564 (9)0.030*
N20.40724 (9)0.51144 (16)0.29066 (7)0.0256 (3)
H2N0.4313 (12)0.5727 (19)0.2696 (8)0.031*
N30.34334 (9)0.55389 (17)0.31934 (7)0.0284 (3)
C10.44364 (10)0.37902 (19)0.30419 (7)0.0238 (3)
C20.43316 (10)0.15426 (19)0.36316 (8)0.0259 (4)
C30.47454 (13)0.0593 (2)0.33074 (9)0.0360 (4)
H30.48840.08870.29320.043*
C40.49550 (13)−0.0785 (2)0.35355 (10)0.0407 (5)
H40.5243−0.14250.33160.049*
C50.47517 (13)−0.1240 (2)0.40757 (10)0.0419 (5)
H50.4894−0.21860.42270.050*
C60.43353 (14)−0.0291 (2)0.43949 (10)0.0442 (5)
H60.4192−0.05940.47680.053*
C70.41258 (13)0.1094 (2)0.41765 (9)0.0368 (4)
H70.38420.17340.44000.044*
C80.29887 (11)0.6607 (2)0.29621 (8)0.0297 (4)
C90.23057 (11)0.7061 (2)0.32858 (9)0.0326 (4)
H9A0.23230.64550.36530.039*
H9B0.17690.69000.30160.039*
C100.23837 (13)0.8663 (2)0.34707 (9)0.0355 (4)
H10A0.29740.89050.35920.043*
H10B0.21580.92660.31130.043*
C110.19461 (12)0.9052 (2)0.39874 (8)0.0329 (4)
C120.22808 (13)0.8620 (2)0.45796 (9)0.0367 (4)
H120.27570.80240.46500.044*
C130.19215 (12)0.9056 (2)0.50660 (8)0.0307 (4)
C140.12349 (11)0.99627 (19)0.49664 (8)0.0261 (4)
C150.08828 (11)1.0335 (2)0.43795 (9)0.0302 (4)
H150.04001.09150.43070.036*
C160.12319 (11)0.9866 (2)0.38942 (8)0.0322 (4)
H160.09761.01080.34920.039*
C170.31178 (11)0.7458 (2)0.24149 (8)0.0329 (4)
H17A0.35950.80960.25260.049*
H17B0.26280.80430.22660.049*
H17C0.32140.67880.20950.049*
C180.30011 (18)0.8105 (4)0.58127 (11)0.0742 (10)
H18A0.29950.71330.56350.111*
H18B0.31670.80390.62550.111*
H18C0.33930.87180.56480.111*
O40.99721 (7)0.19097 (14)0.27509 (6)0.0296 (3)
O50.74121 (9)−0.41262 (16)0.57259 (6)0.0389 (3)
O60.59792 (8)−0.55085 (16)0.54521 (6)0.0355 (3)
H6O0.6277 (14)−0.547 (3)0.5798 (7)0.053*
N40.90978 (8)0.23778 (16)0.34148 (6)0.0245 (3)
H4N0.8743 (10)0.198 (2)0.3602 (8)0.029*
N50.90487 (9)0.02044 (16)0.28954 (7)0.0263 (3)
H5N0.9267 (12)−0.040 (2)0.2668 (8)0.032*
N60.84546 (9)−0.02354 (17)0.32229 (7)0.0288 (3)
C190.94100 (10)0.15314 (18)0.30127 (7)0.0230 (3)
C200.93614 (10)0.37987 (19)0.35945 (8)0.0251 (4)
C210.96816 (12)0.4747 (2)0.32082 (8)0.0309 (4)
H210.97350.44400.28120.037*
C220.99218 (12)0.6136 (2)0.34046 (9)0.0350 (4)
H221.01460.67680.31420.042*
C230.98404 (12)0.6617 (2)0.39743 (9)0.0367 (4)
H231.00060.75710.41040.044*
C240.95139 (13)0.5686 (2)0.43530 (9)0.0384 (5)
H240.94510.60080.47450.046*
C250.92765 (12)0.4282 (2)0.41667 (8)0.0331 (4)
H250.90560.36530.44320.040*
C260.79860 (11)−0.1278 (2)0.30028 (8)0.0292 (4)
C270.73558 (11)−0.1766 (2)0.33697 (9)0.0330 (4)
H27A0.6797−0.15930.31340.040*
H27B0.7417−0.11890.37480.040*
C280.74571 (13)−0.3380 (2)0.35290 (9)0.0364 (4)
H28A0.7238−0.39580.31630.044*
H28B0.8051−0.36000.36450.044*
C290.70304 (12)−0.3848 (2)0.40393 (9)0.0327 (4)
C300.74324 (12)−0.3697 (2)0.46427 (9)0.0342 (4)
H300.7957−0.32450.47290.041*
C310.70709 (12)−0.4203 (2)0.51172 (8)0.0307 (4)
C320.63080 (11)−0.49006 (19)0.49940 (8)0.0265 (4)
C330.58946 (11)−0.5002 (2)0.44001 (9)0.0320 (4)
H330.5367−0.54430.43140.038*
C340.62477 (12)−0.4461 (2)0.39286 (8)0.0326 (4)
H340.5951−0.45100.35240.039*
C350.80405 (11)−0.2075 (2)0.24253 (8)0.0329 (4)
H35A0.8160−0.13830.21200.049*
H35B0.7516−0.25600.22740.049*
H35C0.8481−0.27990.25060.049*
C360.82787 (14)−0.3844 (3)0.58750 (10)0.0481 (6)
H36A0.8572−0.45190.56520.072*
H36B0.8468−0.39760.63120.072*
H36C0.8388−0.28450.57620.072*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0302 (6)0.0278 (6)0.0345 (7)0.0047 (5)0.0187 (5)0.0035 (5)
O20.0518 (8)0.0411 (8)0.0266 (7)0.0180 (6)0.0167 (6)0.0056 (5)
O30.0351 (7)0.0431 (8)0.0304 (7)0.0075 (6)0.0154 (5)−0.0057 (6)
N10.0276 (7)0.0269 (7)0.0248 (7)0.0014 (6)0.0136 (6)−0.0006 (6)
N20.0257 (7)0.0268 (7)0.0281 (7)0.0019 (6)0.0153 (6)0.0016 (6)
N30.0294 (7)0.0313 (8)0.0282 (8)0.0033 (6)0.0152 (6)−0.0005 (6)
C10.0241 (8)0.0256 (8)0.0227 (8)−0.0003 (6)0.0073 (6)−0.0015 (6)
C20.0271 (8)0.0268 (9)0.0245 (8)−0.0036 (7)0.0064 (6)0.0007 (7)
C30.0475 (11)0.0307 (10)0.0352 (10)0.0047 (8)0.0222 (9)0.0055 (8)
C40.0455 (11)0.0308 (10)0.0500 (12)0.0066 (8)0.0196 (9)0.0071 (9)
C50.0435 (11)0.0326 (10)0.0498 (12)−0.0010 (8)0.0088 (9)0.0140 (9)
C60.0571 (13)0.0425 (12)0.0363 (11)−0.0079 (10)0.0172 (9)0.0121 (9)
C70.0463 (11)0.0359 (10)0.0320 (10)−0.0043 (8)0.0176 (8)0.0001 (8)
C80.0296 (9)0.0336 (9)0.0277 (9)0.0013 (7)0.0097 (7)−0.0028 (7)
C90.0283 (9)0.0367 (10)0.0353 (10)0.0005 (7)0.0123 (7)−0.0034 (8)
C100.0449 (11)0.0343 (10)0.0314 (10)0.0030 (8)0.0179 (8)0.0023 (8)
C110.0419 (10)0.0292 (9)0.0307 (9)0.0023 (8)0.0149 (8)−0.0010 (7)
C120.0444 (11)0.0351 (10)0.0340 (10)0.0142 (8)0.0164 (8)0.0035 (8)
C130.0395 (10)0.0289 (9)0.0265 (9)0.0058 (7)0.0134 (7)0.0019 (7)
C140.0292 (9)0.0239 (8)0.0291 (9)−0.0029 (6)0.0163 (7)−0.0021 (6)
C150.0246 (8)0.0327 (9)0.0354 (10)0.0004 (7)0.0110 (7)0.0012 (7)
C160.0333 (9)0.0384 (10)0.0262 (9)0.0011 (8)0.0087 (7)0.0005 (7)
C170.0342 (9)0.0383 (10)0.0289 (9)0.0117 (8)0.0133 (7)0.0041 (7)
C180.0821 (19)0.111 (3)0.0325 (11)0.0655 (19)0.0182 (12)0.0211 (13)
O40.0312 (6)0.0265 (6)0.0362 (7)−0.0032 (5)0.0200 (5)−0.0031 (5)
O50.0459 (8)0.0460 (8)0.0266 (7)−0.0145 (6)0.0118 (6)−0.0018 (6)
O60.0317 (7)0.0471 (8)0.0312 (7)−0.0050 (6)0.0152 (5)0.0059 (6)
N40.0245 (7)0.0272 (7)0.0244 (7)−0.0009 (5)0.0116 (5)0.0008 (5)
N50.0271 (7)0.0279 (8)0.0279 (7)−0.0029 (6)0.0159 (6)−0.0030 (6)
N60.0296 (8)0.0313 (8)0.0296 (8)−0.0042 (6)0.0166 (6)−0.0001 (6)
C190.0223 (8)0.0250 (8)0.0230 (8)0.0008 (6)0.0075 (6)0.0015 (6)
C200.0223 (8)0.0286 (9)0.0249 (8)0.0030 (6)0.0057 (6)−0.0027 (7)
C210.0371 (10)0.0287 (9)0.0297 (9)−0.0013 (7)0.0140 (7)−0.0046 (7)
C220.0376 (10)0.0287 (10)0.0421 (11)−0.0032 (8)0.0162 (8)−0.0037 (8)
C230.0379 (10)0.0301 (10)0.0431 (11)0.0004 (8)0.0104 (8)−0.0121 (8)
C240.0458 (11)0.0394 (11)0.0313 (10)0.0059 (9)0.0103 (8)−0.0108 (8)
C250.0384 (10)0.0346 (10)0.0286 (9)0.0039 (8)0.0125 (8)−0.0005 (7)
C260.0275 (9)0.0306 (9)0.0311 (9)−0.0004 (7)0.0098 (7)0.0036 (7)
C270.0293 (9)0.0332 (10)0.0395 (10)−0.0004 (7)0.0144 (8)0.0038 (8)
C280.0450 (11)0.0340 (10)0.0345 (10)0.0026 (8)0.0186 (8)0.0026 (8)
C290.0403 (10)0.0281 (9)0.0326 (10)0.0010 (7)0.0143 (8)0.0029 (7)
C300.0373 (10)0.0318 (10)0.0361 (10)−0.0073 (8)0.0131 (8)−0.0007 (8)
C310.0375 (10)0.0296 (9)0.0270 (9)−0.0041 (7)0.0111 (7)−0.0026 (7)
C320.0288 (9)0.0249 (8)0.0299 (9)0.0034 (7)0.0165 (7)0.0012 (7)
C330.0241 (8)0.0377 (10)0.0357 (10)0.0035 (7)0.0095 (7)0.0007 (8)
C340.0341 (9)0.0365 (10)0.0280 (9)0.0043 (8)0.0077 (7)0.0021 (7)
C350.0330 (9)0.0400 (11)0.0267 (9)−0.0114 (8)0.0076 (7)−0.0018 (7)
C360.0474 (12)0.0608 (15)0.0358 (11)−0.0236 (11)0.0064 (9)−0.0054 (10)
O1—C11.235 (2)O4—C191.237 (2)
O2—C131.376 (2)O5—C311.379 (2)
O2—C181.424 (3)O5—C361.436 (2)
O3—C141.365 (2)O6—C321.366 (2)
O3—H3O0.838 (10)O6—H6O0.840 (10)
N1—C11.363 (2)N4—C191.362 (2)
N1—C21.410 (2)N4—C201.416 (2)
N1—H1N0.862 (9)N4—H4N0.865 (9)
N2—C11.371 (2)N5—C191.366 (2)
N2—N31.3895 (19)N5—N61.3899 (19)
N2—H2N0.876 (9)N5—H5N0.878 (9)
N3—C81.281 (2)N6—C261.276 (2)
C2—C71.388 (2)C20—C251.388 (2)
C2—C31.394 (3)C20—C211.400 (3)
C3—C41.390 (3)C21—C221.389 (3)
C3—H30.9500C21—H210.9500
C4—C51.379 (3)C22—C231.380 (3)
C4—H40.9500C22—H220.9500
C5—C61.389 (3)C23—C241.384 (3)
C5—H50.9500C23—H230.9500
C6—C71.388 (3)C24—C251.394 (3)
C6—H60.9500C24—H240.9500
C7—H70.9500C25—H250.9500
C8—C171.503 (2)C26—C351.504 (3)
C8—C91.509 (2)C26—C271.509 (2)
C9—C101.533 (3)C27—C281.532 (3)
C9—H9A0.9900C27—H27A0.9900
C9—H9B0.9900C27—H27B0.9900
C10—C111.516 (2)C28—C291.512 (2)
C10—H10A0.9900C28—H28A0.9900
C10—H10B0.9900C28—H28B0.9900
C11—C161.383 (3)C29—C341.393 (3)
C11—C121.399 (3)C29—C301.400 (3)
C12—C131.392 (2)C30—C311.392 (3)
C12—H120.9500C30—H300.9500
C13—C141.395 (3)C31—C321.399 (3)
C14—C151.381 (3)C32—C331.384 (3)
C15—C161.389 (3)C33—C341.389 (3)
C15—H150.9500C33—H330.9500
C16—H160.9500C34—H340.9500
C17—H17A0.9800C35—H35A0.9800
C17—H17B0.9800C35—H35B0.9800
C17—H17C0.9800C35—H35C0.9800
C18—H18A0.9800C36—H36A0.9800
C18—H18B0.9800C36—H36B0.9800
C18—H18C0.9800C36—H36C0.9800
C13—O2—C18116.47 (15)C31—O5—C36116.80 (15)
C14—O3—H3O115 (2)C32—O6—H6O115 (2)
C1—N1—C2126.87 (14)C19—N4—C20125.70 (14)
C1—N1—H1N113.9 (15)C19—N4—H4N116.7 (15)
C2—N1—H1N118.8 (15)C20—N4—H4N117.3 (14)
C1—N2—N3119.30 (14)C19—N5—N6119.11 (14)
C1—N2—H2N117.9 (14)C19—N5—H5N118.1 (14)
N3—N2—H2N121.7 (14)N6—N5—H5N121.7 (15)
C8—N3—N2117.32 (15)C26—N6—N5117.01 (15)
O1—C1—N1124.55 (16)O4—C19—N4124.09 (15)
O1—C1—N2120.18 (15)O4—C19—N5120.13 (15)
N1—C1—N2115.26 (14)N4—C19—N5115.77 (14)
C7—C2—C3119.56 (17)C25—C20—C21118.93 (17)
C7—C2—N1117.72 (16)C25—C20—N4118.80 (16)
C3—C2—N1122.67 (15)C21—C20—N4122.24 (15)
C4—C3—C2119.74 (17)C22—C21—C20119.91 (17)
C4—C3—H3120.1C22—C21—H21120.0
C2—C3—H3120.1C20—C21—H21120.0
C5—C4—C3121.05 (19)C23—C22—C21121.23 (18)
C5—C4—H4119.5C23—C22—H22119.4
C3—C4—H4119.5C21—C22—H22119.4
C4—C5—C6118.92 (19)C22—C23—C24118.82 (18)
C4—C5—H5120.5C22—C23—H23120.6
C6—C5—H5120.5C24—C23—H23120.6
C7—C6—C5120.86 (19)C23—C24—C25120.83 (18)
C7—C6—H6119.6C23—C24—H24119.6
C5—C6—H6119.6C25—C24—H24119.6
C6—C7—C2119.87 (19)C20—C25—C24120.26 (18)
C6—C7—H7120.1C20—C25—H25119.9
C2—C7—H7120.1C24—C25—H25119.9
N3—C8—C17125.06 (16)N6—C26—C35124.91 (16)
N3—C8—C9116.39 (16)N6—C26—C27116.46 (16)
C17—C8—C9118.50 (16)C35—C26—C27118.58 (16)
C8—C9—C10111.32 (16)C26—C27—C28111.04 (15)
C8—C9—H9A109.4C26—C27—H27A109.4
C10—C9—H9A109.4C28—C27—H27A109.4
C8—C9—H9B109.4C26—C27—H27B109.4
C10—C9—H9B109.4C28—C27—H27B109.4
H9A—C9—H9B108.0H27A—C27—H27B108.0
C11—C10—C9113.94 (16)C29—C28—C27114.03 (16)
C11—C10—H10A108.8C29—C28—H28A108.7
C9—C10—H10A108.8C27—C28—H28A108.7
C11—C10—H10B108.8C29—C28—H28B108.7
C9—C10—H10B108.8C27—C28—H28B108.7
H10A—C10—H10B107.7H28A—C28—H28B107.6
C16—C11—C12118.52 (17)C34—C29—C30118.35 (17)
C16—C11—C10121.80 (17)C34—C29—C28121.90 (18)
C12—C11—C10119.66 (17)C30—C29—C28119.74 (17)
C13—C12—C11120.53 (18)C31—C30—C29120.59 (17)
C13—C12—H12119.7C31—C30—H30119.7
C11—C12—H12119.7C29—C30—H30119.7
O2—C13—C12125.91 (17)O5—C31—C30125.60 (17)
O2—C13—C14114.09 (15)O5—C31—C32114.27 (16)
C12—C13—C14119.94 (17)C30—C31—C32120.10 (17)
O3—C14—C15119.68 (16)O6—C32—C33119.97 (16)
O3—C14—C13120.88 (16)O6—C32—C31120.60 (16)
C15—C14—C13119.44 (16)C33—C32—C31119.41 (16)
C14—C15—C16120.25 (17)C32—C33—C34120.25 (17)
C14—C15—H15119.9C32—C33—H33119.9
C16—C15—H15119.9C34—C33—H33119.9
C11—C16—C15121.08 (17)C33—C34—C29121.09 (17)
C11—C16—H16119.5C33—C34—H34119.5
C15—C16—H16119.5C29—C34—H34119.5
C8—C17—H17A109.5C26—C35—H35A109.5
C8—C17—H17B109.5C26—C35—H35B109.5
H17A—C17—H17B109.5H35A—C35—H35B109.5
C8—C17—H17C109.5C26—C35—H35C109.5
H17A—C17—H17C109.5H35A—C35—H35C109.5
H17B—C17—H17C109.5H35B—C35—H35C109.5
O2—C18—H18A109.5O5—C36—H36A109.5
O2—C18—H18B109.5O5—C36—H36B109.5
H18A—C18—H18B109.5H36A—C36—H36B109.5
O2—C18—H18C109.5O5—C36—H36C109.5
H18A—C18—H18C109.5H36A—C36—H36C109.5
H18B—C18—H18C109.5H36B—C36—H36C109.5
C1—N2—N3—C8−164.49 (16)C19—N5—N6—C26162.35 (16)
C2—N1—C1—O12.0 (3)C20—N4—C19—O40.0 (3)
C2—N1—C1—N2−179.42 (15)C20—N4—C19—N5−178.54 (15)
N3—N2—C1—O1−175.81 (15)N6—N5—C19—O4175.95 (15)
N3—N2—C1—N15.6 (2)N6—N5—C19—N4−5.5 (2)
C1—N1—C2—C7154.49 (18)C19—N4—C20—C25−151.84 (17)
C1—N1—C2—C3−28.1 (3)C19—N4—C20—C2130.1 (3)
C7—C2—C3—C4−0.7 (3)C25—C20—C21—C221.1 (3)
N1—C2—C3—C4−178.00 (18)N4—C20—C21—C22179.19 (17)
C2—C3—C4—C50.8 (3)C20—C21—C22—C23−1.0 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6−0.4 (3)C21—C22—C23—C240.1 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C70.0 (3)C22—C23—C24—C250.5 (3)
C5—C6—C7—C20.2 (3)C21—C20—C25—C24−0.5 (3)
C3—C2—C7—C60.2 (3)N4—C20—C25—C24−178.64 (16)
N1—C2—C7—C6177.68 (18)C23—C24—C25—C20−0.3 (3)
N2—N3—C8—C17−1.6 (3)N5—N6—C26—C351.1 (3)
N2—N3—C8—C9−179.23 (15)N5—N6—C26—C27178.73 (15)
N3—C8—C9—C10123.12 (19)N6—C26—C27—C28−122.47 (19)
C17—C8—C9—C10−54.7 (2)C35—C26—C27—C2855.3 (2)
C8—C9—C10—C11−157.88 (16)C26—C27—C28—C29162.93 (17)
C9—C10—C11—C16−108.0 (2)C27—C28—C29—C3495.8 (2)
C9—C10—C11—C1273.9 (2)C27—C28—C29—C30−85.6 (2)
C16—C11—C12—C13−2.8 (3)C34—C29—C30—C312.6 (3)
C10—C11—C12—C13175.28 (18)C28—C29—C30—C31−176.05 (18)
C18—O2—C13—C1211.7 (3)C36—O5—C31—C30−16.5 (3)
C18—O2—C13—C14−165.4 (2)C36—O5—C31—C32161.41 (18)
C11—C12—C13—O2−178.72 (19)C29—C30—C31—O5179.33 (18)
C11—C12—C13—C14−1.7 (3)C29—C30—C31—C321.5 (3)
O2—C13—C14—O32.7 (3)O5—C31—C32—O6−3.6 (3)
C12—C13—C14—O3−174.61 (17)C30—C31—C32—O6174.50 (17)
O2—C13—C14—C15−178.04 (16)O5—C31—C32—C33177.97 (16)
C12—C13—C14—C154.6 (3)C30—C31—C32—C33−4.0 (3)
O3—C14—C15—C16176.25 (16)O6—C32—C33—C34−176.20 (17)
C13—C14—C15—C16−3.0 (3)C31—C32—C33—C342.3 (3)
C12—C11—C16—C154.5 (3)C32—C33—C34—C291.9 (3)
C10—C11—C16—C15−173.55 (18)C30—C29—C34—C33−4.4 (3)
C14—C15—C16—C11−1.6 (3)C28—C29—C34—C33174.28 (18)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1N···N30.86 (2)2.18 (2)2.635 (2)113 (2)
N4—H4N···N60.86 (2)2.23 (2)2.637 (2)109 (1)
O3—H3O···O20.84 (2)2.29 (3)2.660 (2)107 (2)
O6—H6O···O50.84 (2)2.28 (2)2.663 (2)108 (2)
O3—H3O···N6i0.84 (2)2.19 (2)2.994 (2)161 (2)
O6—H6O···N3ii0.84 (2)2.22 (2)3.013 (2)157 (2)
N2—H2N···O4iii0.88 (2)2.01 (2)2.873 (2)170 (2)
N4—H4N···O2i0.86 (2)2.54 (2)3.390 (2)167 (2)
N5—H5N···O1iv0.88 (2)2.04 (2)2.900 (2)169 (2)
C33—H33···O6v0.952.543.212 (2)128
C15—H15···O3vi0.952.633.166 (2)113
C33—H33···O6i0.952.543.212 (2)128
C10—H10A···Cg1vii0.992.803.774 (2)168
C18—H18A···Cg2ii0.982.663.603 (4)161
C28—H28B···Cg3viii0.992.753.720 (2)166
  11 in total

Review 1.  The wide pharmacological versatility of semicarbazones, thiosemicarba-zones and their metal complexes.

Authors:  Heloisa Beraldo; Dinorah Gambino
Journal:  Mini Rev Med Chem       Date:  2004-01       Impact factor: 3.862

2.  Antituberculous activity of some aryl semicarbazone derivatives.

Authors:  Dharmarajan Sriram; Perumal Yogeeswari; Rathinasabapathy Thirumurugan
Journal:  Bioorg Med Chem Lett       Date:  2004-08-02       Impact factor: 2.823

3.  Towards quantitative analysis of intermolecular interactions with Hirshfeld surfaces.

Authors:  Joshua J McKinnon; Dylan Jayatilaka; Mark A Spackman
Journal:  Chem Commun (Camb)       Date:  2007-10-07       Impact factor: 6.222

4.  Enantioselective decarboxylative alkylation reactions: catalyst development, substrate scope, and mechanistic studies.

Authors:  Douglas C Behenna; Justin T Mohr; Nathaniel H Sherden; Smaranda C Marinescu; Andrew M Harned; Kousuke Tani; Masaki Seto; Sandy Ma; Zoltán Novák; Michael R Krout; Ryan M McFadden; Jennifer L Roizen; John A Enquist; David E White; Samantha R Levine; Krastina V Petrova; Akihiko Iwashita; Scott C Virgil; Brian M Stoltz
Journal:  Chemistry       Date:  2011-11-14       Impact factor: 5.236

5.  Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative allylic alkylation of diastereomeric β-ketoesters.

Authors:  Sandy Ma; Corey M Reeves; Robert A Craig; Brian M Stoltz
Journal:  Tetrahedron       Date:  2014-07-08       Impact factor: 2.457

Review 6.  Semicarbazone--a versatile therapeutic pharmacophore for fragment based anticonvulsant drug design.

Authors:  Surendra Nath Pandeya
Journal:  Acta Pharm       Date:  2012-11       Impact factor: 2.230

7.  In vivo anticancer activity of vanillin semicarbazone.

Authors:  Shaikh M Mohsin Ali; M Abul Kalam Azad; Mele Jesmin; Shamim Ahsan; M Mijanur Rahman; Jahan Ara Khanam; M Nazrul Islam; Sha M Shahan Shahriar
Journal:  Asian Pac J Trop Biomed       Date:  2012-06

8.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

9.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20

10.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
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