Jung-Hwan Lee1, Jeong-Ki Jo2, Dong-Ae Kim3, Kapil Dev Patel4, Hae-Won Kim5, Hae-Hyoung Lee6. 1. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. 2. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. 3. Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Dental Hygiene, Kyungwoon University, Gumi-si, South Korea. 4. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. 5. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. 6. Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, South Korea. Electronic address: haelee@dku.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Although polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a dental material, a major challenge of using this substance is its poor antimicrobial (anti-adhesion) effects, which increase oral infections. Here, graphene-oxide nanosheets (nGO) were incorporated into PMMA to introduce sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects by increasing the hydrophilicity of PMMA. METHODS: After characterizing nGO and nGO-incorporated PMMA (up to 2wt%) in terms of morphology and surface characteristics, 3-point flexural strength and hardness were evaluated. The anti-adhesive effects were determined for 4 different microbial species with experimental specimens and the underlying anti-adhesive mechanism was investigated by a non-thermal oxygen plasma treatment. Sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects were characterized with incubation in artificial saliva for up to 28 days. RESULTS: The typical nanosheet morphology was observed for nGO. Incorporating nGO into PMMA roughened its surface and increased its hydrophilicity without compromising flexural strength or surface hardness. An anti-adhesive effect after 1h of exposure to microbial species in artificial saliva was observed in nGO-incorporated specimens, which accelerated with increasing levels of nGO without significant cytotoxicity to oral keratinocytes. Plasma treatment of native PMMA demonstrated that the antimicrobial-adhesive effects of nGO incorporation were at least partially due to increased hydrophilicity, not changes in the surface roughness. A sustained antimicrobial-adhesive property against Candida albicans was observed in 2% nGO for up to 28 days. SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of sustained anti-adhesion properties in nGO-incorporated PMMA without loading any antimicrobial drugs suggests the potential usefulness of this compound as a promising antimicrobial dental material for dentures, orthodontic devices and provisional restorative materials.
OBJECTIVE: Although polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used as a dental material, a major challenge of using this substance is its poor antimicrobial (anti-adhesion) effects, which increase oral infections. Here, graphene-oxide nanosheets (nGO) were incorporated into PMMA to introduce sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects by increasing the hydrophilicity of PMMA. METHODS: After characterizing nGO and nGO-incorporated PMMA (up to 2wt%) in terms of morphology and surface characteristics, 3-point flexural strength and hardness were evaluated. The anti-adhesive effects were determined for 4 different microbial species with experimental specimens and the underlying anti-adhesive mechanism was investigated by a non-thermal oxygen plasma treatment. Sustained antimicrobial-adhesive effects were characterized with incubation in artificial saliva for up to 28 days. RESULTS: The typical nanosheet morphology was observed for nGO. Incorporating nGO into PMMA roughened its surface and increased its hydrophilicity without compromising flexural strength or surface hardness. An anti-adhesive effect after 1h of exposure to microbial species in artificial saliva was observed in nGO-incorporated specimens, which accelerated with increasing levels of nGO without significant cytotoxicity to oral keratinocytes. Plasma treatment of native PMMA demonstrated that the antimicrobial-adhesive effects of nGO incorporation were at least partially due to increased hydrophilicity, not changes in the surface roughness. A sustained antimicrobial-adhesive property against Candida albicans was observed in 2% nGO for up to 28 days. SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of sustained anti-adhesion properties in nGO-incorporated PMMA without loading any antimicrobial drugs suggests the potential usefulness of this compound as a promising antimicrobial dental material for dentures, orthodontic devices and provisional restorative materials.
Authors: Roshmi Thomas; S Snigdha; K B Bhavitha; Seethal Babu; Anjitha Ajith; E K Radhakrishnan Journal: 3 Biotech Date: 2018-09-10 Impact factor: 2.406
Authors: Shaimaa M Fouda; Mohammed M Gad; Passent Ellakany; Ahmad M Al-Thobity; Fahad A Al-Harbi; Jorma I Virtanen; Aune Raustia Journal: J Appl Oral Sci Date: 2019-11-04 Impact factor: 2.698
Authors: Shaimaa M Fouda; Mohammed M Gad; Passent Ellakany; Maram A Al Ghamdi; Soban Q Khan; Sultan Akhtar; Doaa M Al Eraky; Fahad A Al-Harbi Journal: Polymers (Basel) Date: 2021-12-10 Impact factor: 4.329