Biofabricated silver nanoparticles incorporated polymethyl methacrylate as a dental adhesive material with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Streptococcus mutans.

In this study, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) thin films incorporated with biofabricated silver nanoparticles were used to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans. For this, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were generated using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SJ14 culture (MAgNPs) and extract from Curcuma aromatica rhizome (CAgNPs). The AgNPs were further characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration and antibiofilm activity of AgNPs against S. mutans were also assessed. Here, MAgNPs were found to have superior antimicrobial activity when compared to CAgNPs. The MAgNPs and CAgNPs also demonstrated 99% and 94% inhibition of biofilm formation of S. mutans at concentrations of 3 µg/mL and 50 µg/mL, respectively. The AgNPs were further incorporated into PMMA thin films using solvent casting method. The thin films were also characterized by scanning electron microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Subsequently, both PMMA/MAgNPs and PMMA/CAgNPs nanocomposite thin films were subjected to antimicrobial and antibiofilm analysis. The microbicidal activity was found to be higher for the PMMA/MAgNPs thin film, which highlights the potency of microbially synthesized AgNPs as excellent agents to inhibit cariogenic bacteria from colonising dental restorative material.