OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes in visual attention influenced by facial angles and smile during the evaluation of facial attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three young adults were asked to rate the overall facial attractiveness (task 1 and 3) or to select the most attractive face (task 2) by looking at multiple panel stimuli consisting of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° rotated facial photos with or without a smile for three model face photos and a self-photo (self-face). Eye gaze and fixation time (FT) were monitored by the eye-tracking device during the performance. Participants were asked to fill out a subjective questionnaire asking, "Which face was primarily looked at when evaluating facial attractiveness?" RESULTS: When rating the overall facial attractiveness (task 1) for model faces, FT was highest for the 0° face and lowest for the 90° face regardless of the smile ( P < .01). However, when the most attractive face was to be selected (task 2), the FT of the 0° face decreased, while it significantly increased for the 45° face ( P < .001). When facial attractiveness was evaluated with the simplified panels combined with facial angles and smile (task 3), the FT of the 0° smiling face was the highest ( P < .01). While most participants reported that they looked mainly at the 0° smiling face when rating facial attractiveness, visual attention was broadly distributed within facial angles. CONCLUSIONS: Laterally rotated faces and presence of a smile highly influence visual attention during the evaluation of facial esthetics.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the changes in visual attention influenced by facial angles and smile during the evaluation of facial attractiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-three young adults were asked to rate the overall facial attractiveness (task 1 and 3) or to select the most attractive face (task 2) by looking at multiple panel stimuli consisting of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° rotated facial photos with or without a smile for three model face photos and a self-photo (self-face). Eye gaze and fixation time (FT) were monitored by the eye-tracking device during the performance. Participants were asked to fill out a subjective questionnaire asking, "Which face was primarily looked at when evaluating facial attractiveness?" RESULTS: When rating the overall facial attractiveness (task 1) for model faces, FT was highest for the 0° face and lowest for the 90° face regardless of the smile ( P < .01). However, when the most attractive face was to be selected (task 2), the FT of the 0° face decreased, while it significantly increased for the 45° face ( P < .001). When facial attractiveness was evaluated with the simplified panels combined with facial angles and smile (task 3), the FT of the 0° smiling face was the highest ( P < .01). While most participants reported that they looked mainly at the 0° smiling face when rating facial attractiveness, visual attention was broadly distributed within facial angles. CONCLUSIONS: Laterally rotated faces and presence of a smile highly influence visual attention during the evaluation of facial esthetics.
Authors: G W Arnett; J S Jelic; J Kim; D R Cummings; A Beress; C M Worley; B Chung; R Bergman Journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Date: 1999-09 Impact factor: 2.650
Authors: M Corbetta; E Akbudak; T E Conturo; A Z Snyder; J M Ollinger; H A Drury; M R Linenweber; S E Petersen; M E Raichle; D C Van Essen; G L Shulman Journal: Neuron Date: 1998-10 Impact factor: 17.173
Authors: Roxanne Shafiee; Edward L Korn; Helmer Pearson; Robert L Boyd; Sheldon Baumrind Journal: Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 2.650