Vivian P Kamphuis1, Nico A Blom2, Erik W van Zwet3, Sumche Man4, Arend D J Ten Harkel5, Arie C Maan6, Cees A Swenne7. 1. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands. Electronic address: v.p.kamphuis@lumc.nl. 2. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: n.a.blom@lumc.nl. 3. Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: E.W.van_Zwet@lumc.nl. 4. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: s.Man@lumc.nl. 5. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: A.D.J.ten_Harkel@lumc.nl. 6. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: A.C.maan@lumc.nl. 7. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. Electronic address: c.a.swenne@lumc.nl.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Normal values of the mathematically-synthesized vectorcardiogram (VCG) are lacking for children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess normal values of the pediatric synthesized VCG (spatial QRS-T angle [SA] and ventricular gradient [VG]). METHODS: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 1263 subjects (0-24 years) with a normal heart were retrospectively selected. VCGs were synthesized by the Kors matrix. Normal values (presented as 2nd and 98th percentiles) were assessed by quantile regression with smoothing by splines. RESULTS: Our results show that heart rate decreased over age, QRS duration increased and QTc interval remained constant. The SA initially decreased and increased again from the age of 8 years. The VG magnitude was relatively stable until the age of 2 years, after which it increased. CONCLUSION: Normal values of the pediatric ECG and VCG (VG and SA) were established. These normal values could be important for future studies using VG and SA for risk stratification in heart disease in children.
BACKGROUND: Normal values of the mathematically-synthesized vectorcardiogram (VCG) are lacking for children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess normal values of the pediatric synthesized VCG (spatial QRS-T angle [SA] and ventricular gradient [VG]). METHODS: Electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 1263 subjects (0-24 years) with a normal heart were retrospectively selected. VCGs were synthesized by the Kors matrix. Normal values (presented as 2nd and 98th percentiles) were assessed by quantile regression with smoothing by splines. RESULTS: Our results show that heart rate decreased over age, QRS duration increased and QTc interval remained constant. The SA initially decreased and increased again from the age of 8 years. The VG magnitude was relatively stable until the age of 2 years, after which it increased. CONCLUSION: Normal values of the pediatric ECG and VCG (VG and SA) were established. These normal values could be important for future studies using VG and SA for risk stratification in heart disease in children.
Authors: Samuel Kou; Carmen De Cunto; Geneviève Baujat; Kelly L Wentworth; Donna R Grogan; Matthew A Brown; Maja Di Rocco; Richard Keen; Mona Al Mukaddam; Kim-Hanh le Quan Sang; Umesh Masharani; Frederick S Kaplan; Robert J Pignolo; Edward C Hsiao Journal: Orphanet J Rare Dis Date: 2020-07-29 Impact factor: 4.123